相比印度，中国有哪些优势？
核心提示：相比印度，中国有哪些优势？
What are China's advantages over India?
相比印度，中国有哪些优势？
以下是网友评论：
★More friendly to business and investmentYesterday, I was at LinuxCon in Chicago - a major business/tech convention and was chatting with execs on setting up businesses in India. With a beer in hand, each recounted their horror stories in setting offices in India. They are all well meaning business folks and each could have brought a lot more well-paying jobs & better tech. But, no. In India, we are still living in the 19th century business & trade environment, still debating on Wal-mart's entry to India and FDI. China is lighting years ahead. They allowed Walmart to set shop 18 years ago, revolutionized their retail and extremely ahead in logistics, while we are in stone age retail. That is just one sector, but the same is everywhere.&
We call China as Communist without realizing that China is way more capitalist than India. India cannot go anywhere if it is so toxic for businesses.
更友好的商业和投资环境 昨天，我在芝加哥参加了LinuxCon&&一个主要讨论商业和技术的会议，我跟一些在印度设立分支机构的高管聊天。大伙手里都端着啤酒，讲述着自己在印度开展商业活动的可怕经历。他们都是有意向的生意人，每个人都有可能带来更多的高薪岗位和高科技术。但是，事与愿违。 在印度，我们的商业和贸易环境仍然处在19世纪，我们还在争论是否允许沃尔玛进入印度以及是否允许外国直接投资。中国则领先了数光年。他们在18年前就允许沃尔玛进入市场，零售业有了革命性的变化，物流也遥遥领先。而我们零售业仍处于石器时代。这只是冰山一角，其他方面的差距也无处不在。 我们称中国为共产主义，但我们没有意识到其实中国远比印度更资本主义。如果我们继续这样毒害我们的商业，印度不会有任何的发展。
★Look at our world rank below on ease of doing business. I get it that it takes years to construct roads, dams, airports etc. But, this is just ease of doing business almost entirely dependent on our attitudes.&&We have to change our anti-business attitudes. Anti-business lobbies should be pushed out. We got too heavy of these. Nehruvian socialism has turned us too cynical and against our businesses. China vs. India: Which is better for doing business?
看下表我们在世界营商环境排名。我知道建设道路、大坝、机场等需要花数年时间。但是，建立友善的商业环境取决于于我们的态度。我们必须改变反商业的态度。反商业游的说集团应该滚蛋，他们有点过了。尼赫鲁社会主义使我变的愤世嫉俗和反商主义。 中国VS 印度：谁更会做生意？
★See India's exports below vs. China's. Good luck trying to grow it by driving away Foreign investment.
看下面中印出口对比。印度一边驱赶外国投资，一边试图增长出口，诸神保佑吧！
国外直接投资额净流入（蓝色柱形代表印度，红色代表中国）
★In every indicator of capitalism - trade, investment, competitiveness and ease of doing business, China is way ahead.
任何一个资本主义指标&&贸易、投资、竞争力和良好的商业环境，中国都甩开印度几条街。 &
★China's health is way ahead: Mao might be criticized for a lot of things. But, in many ways he was also a pragmatist. One of the key innovations of his time was the:Barefootdoctor. These were semi-educated village doctors who dramatically improved health outcomes in the rural areas. Instead of producing only a few 1000 doctors who got through a 7-year school, why not produce 1 million doctors who go through 1-year school have basic knowledge of diseases and sanitation? This is very important for a nation growing up.&&China&s village doctors take great stride
India failed to do this and focusing only on Western-style Medical education. Thus, we have too few doctors to take care of 600,000 villages. As China crossed the stage 1, they abolished the Barefoot doctors and are busy in stage 2. This and other healthcare innovations show up in the stats below.
中国医疗卫生方面遥遥领先：毛可能在很多事情上遭受批评。但是在很多方面他同时也是一个实用主义者。毛时代的重大创新之一是&赤脚医生& 。这些受过半桶水式教育的乡村医生显著的改善了广大农村地区卫生健康状况。与其经过7年的正规系统的学校教育培养几千个医生，不如经过1年的有关疾病和卫生等基本知识的学校教育培养100万个医生，不是吗？这对一个国家的成长非常重要。请参阅《中国的乡村医生迈开大步向前走》。&印度没能做到这一点，他只专注于西式医学教育。因此，我们仅有的几个医生却需要照顾60多万个村庄。随着中国跨过第一阶段，他们取消了赤脚医生，正在为迈入第二阶段而努力奋斗。下面的统计数据显示了赤脚医生和其他医疗创新的成果。
★How can a sick undernutritioned nation grow fast?
一个因营养不良而疾病缠身的国家怎么会快速发展呢？
★&China's Infrastructure Nothing more to say here. China has got some of the fantastic roads, railways, ports, etc. I will just use one statistic to dramatically drive home the point.
中国的基础设施
无需多说。中国已经修建了不少不可思议的公路、铁路、港口等。我只用一个统计量数据来说明即可。这方面我们还是洗洗睡吧。
（下图左图是集装箱吞吐量，右图是空运货物量）
★Size and resources China is more than thrice the size of India with way more water, energy and mineral resources. I will give you one example of iron ore. See the blue lines vs other lines.
规模和资源
中国的国土面积超过印度的三倍，因此有更多的水、能源和矿物资源。下面是铁矿石产量图，蓝线代表中国、橙线代表澳大利亚、绿线代表巴西，紫线代表印度。
★Going through its labor peak due to&Demographic dividend China and India have comparable population, but china has 80% more workers than India. How? It is because of temporary condition of&Demographic dividend&where a number of new kids drop rapidly and a significant portion of the population are the kids of yesterday - who are now healthy adults ready to work. The nation can focus a lot on educating these few kids and can assure better literacy and development. This shift pushed up Japan after WW2. China is going through this bulge. [Unfortunately, this is only a temporary help as Japan later found out in 1990s. Eventually lack of new kids will affect your labor population 30 years from now.]
正经历其人口红利的高峰
中国和印度有不相上下人口数量，但中国的工人超过印度的80 ％以上。这是怎么回事呢？这是其人口红利的一种短暂状态&&新生婴儿数据迅速下降，人口的主要部分是健康且可工作的青壮年。整个国家可以集中精力教育这些少量的新生儿，保证其更高的文化水平和更好的发展。这种转变推动了二战之后的日本快速发展。中国也正在经历这个崛起阶段。（不幸的是，日本后来在20世纪90年代发现这种好处只是暂时的。最终，新生儿不足会从现在起影响劳动人口数量30年。）
★The best part is we can solve all of this. None of this is rocket science. We just need to change our attitudes towards money. India's major religions - Hinduism, Jainism and Islam are all pro-traders, pro-businesses and pro-wealth. Hindus & Jains worship Lakshmi. Sanskrit traders were all over Asia and Africa trading exchanging ideas.
Unfortunately in a post-Nehru India, businessmen and traders are treated like scum and our politics have made it quite hard for good business to move swiftly. This encourages corruption, as bad businessmen will go ahead anyway leaving behind the good businesses to get stuck in files. Let us get back to worshipping Lakshmi. We will do good.
值得庆幸的是，所述这一切我们都是可以解决的。这些都不是航天科学般的高科技。我们只需要改变我们对金钱的态度。印度的主要宗教&&印度教、耆那教和伊斯兰教对贸易、商业和财富都是积极和支持态度。印度教和耆那教徒崇拜财神拉克希米（象征财富和幸运的女神，毗湿奴神的妻子）。那些操着梵文商贩曾经遍布亚洲和非洲。 不幸的是在后尼赫鲁的印度，商人像垃圾一样被对待，政客们把商业环境变得极差，使我们面对商机不能迅速采取行动。这同时也鼓励了腐败，那些违法乱纪的坏企业反而将那些遵纪守法的好企业远远甩开，使他们深陷各种法规条文中，不能自拔。让我们重新回归财神崇拜吧，我们能做好的。
★One Party Rule
China's biggest advantage over India is its one party rule.
I agree that&there are major flaws&in the Chinese political system, but the reason why China has surged ahead relentlessly is due to the almost dictatorship rule of its ruling party.
In India, there are many groups hampering development. This got so frustrating that recently a minister even stated that the reason for projects getting delayed is the number of protests that arise over small issues. This does not happen in China. In fact, when the Three Gorges Dam was being built, a million or so people were going to be displaced. China did not care two hoots about it. It just gave them another place to stay and told them to start marching.
Environmental and Social Issues of the Three Gorges Dam in China When the Indian government decided to build dams on the Narmada, environment activist Medha Patkar immediately launched the Narmada Bachao Andolan. Such an act would be unthinkable in China.
I do not mean to say that the government should've built dams on the Narmada, I am just giving an example of how activists stop work on projects important to the country.
中国对印度最大的优势是其一党执政。我同意中国的政治制度有很多重大缺陷，但中国以残酷无情的速度迅猛发展得益于其执政党的近乎毒菜的统治。在印度，有许多利益集团阻碍它的发展。这令人沮丧，最近一个部长甚至表示，众多项目的延期是由于一些小问题上抗议活动数量快速上升引起的。这不会在中国发生。事实上，当修建三峡大坝时，数以百万计的人不得不迁移。中国并不在乎那些刺耳的声音。它只是给了他们另外一个地方居住，并告诉他们要开始搬迁。请参阅《中国三峡大坝的环境和社会问题》当印度政府决定在讷尔默达建立水坝时，环境活动家Medha Patkar立即发起了抗议运动。这种行为在中国是不可想象的。我的意思并不是说政府应该在讷尔默达修建水坝，我只是给出的一个例子展示这些活动家是如何阻止对国家有重大意义的项目运作的。
★Manufacturing The world over, China is viewed as a manufacturing hub while India is viewed as a marketplace to ship finished goods. This causes disparity in income levels between the two countries.
Manufacturing creates more jobs than services ever will. India gets most of its GDP from the services sector. Also, manufacturing provides more economic equality than the services.&
Being a manufacturing hub, almost every major company in the world, has its manufacturing centre in China. This attracts a lot of investment in China and leads to job creation.
在世界各地，中国都被视为一个制造中心，而印度仅被视为一个成品转运的市场。这导致了两国之间悬殊的收入水平。制造业相对服务能创造出比以往任何时候更多的就业机会。而印度大部分GDP来自服务业。此外，制造比服务业更能减少贫富差距。作为一个世界制造中心，几乎世界上每一个大公司在中国都有其制造中心。这使中国吸引了很多的投资，并创造了大量就业机会。
★Special Economic Zones
China has strategically located SEZs in various places and its SEZs are so efficient that the Shenzhen SEZ is responsible for almost a third of China's exports. China has designated the entire province of Hainan as a SEZ. Comparing that to India, we see that India's SEZs are languishing. Policies are ambiguous and different SEZs are treated differently. In fact, the only industry&&which has benefited from the SEZs is the IT industry.In India, although SEZs are designated on paper, in reality, they face land acquisition problems right from the start. This disheartens companies who may already have invested in the Zone and they leave India along with their investment.
中国已高瞻远瞩的在各地建立了经济特区，并且效果显著。深圳经济特区几乎担负了中国三分之一的出口。中国还把海南全省作为一个经济特区。相比印度，我们看到印度的经济特区则饱受煎熬、日益衰落。政策模糊，不同经济特区被区别对待。事实上，从经济特区受益的唯一产业是IT。在印度，虽然我们也在纸上划了一个圈，建立了经济特区，但实际上他们从一开始就面临征地问题。这使那些原本打算在特区投资的公司不得不带着他们的资金离开印度。
★Labour Another advantage of capitalist China is her absolutely atomized&&labor in face of an absolute state. The 1949 revolution was a genuine&&mass mobilization of peasants for modernizing and democratizing China.&&While the modernizing task did achieve something significant, the latter&&& building democracy & failed miserably. Instead we have a bureaucratic&&state free of all popular control, and ruling arbitrarily.
In the early period of the PRC, the workers, although hailed as the&&leading class, did not even have the liberty of choosing jobs or&&occupations, let&&alone the freedom to form trade unions or free elections. This&&contributed to their absolute fragmentation. No layer of activists and&&organizers ever formed. Union cadres, under repeatedly purges, have long&&been transformed into an absolutely pro-management layer of officials.
The relationship between state and labor was entirely&&unfavorable to the latter. Deng Xiaoping actually tested his strength in the 1989 TiananMen&&crackdown, where workers were singled out to be suppressed harshly. One&&may argue the massacre practically laid the social foundation of turning&&China into a great sweatshop.
资本主义中国的另一个优点是在其专制主义的外表下劳动力的绝对个体化（注：即没有类似工会的联合组织）。 1949年革命是一个真正的为现代化和民主化中国奋斗的群众动员运动。现代化的任务已经成果显著，而后者民主化则一败涂地。相反，我们是一个由民众主导的自由官僚主义国家，统治反复无常，政策朝令夕改。在中国建国初期，工人虽然被誉为领导阶级，但他们甚至没有选择工作或职业的自由，更遑论组织工会或选举的自由。这促成了他们的绝对个体化。没有形成社会活动家和组织者的阶层。工会干部在反复清洗后早已变得绝对支持管理当局。这种国家和劳动力之间的关系完全不利于劳动者。邓在八九年八平方事件中检验了自己的实力，那些工人们一个个被无情的镇压。有人甚至提出大屠杀为中国变成一个伟大的血汗工厂奠定了社会基础。
★Demography
As&Balaji Viswanathan&said, China is going through a demographic dividend right now. The sheer size of China & a huge country with a population of 1.3&&billion & greatly magnifies the advantages of effective state-led growth&&and sophisticated manufacturing. It produces the benefit of economy of&&scale. She builds huge EPZ (Export Processing Zones) now China houses two-thirds&&of the world&s total number of EPZs workers. This advantage helps China&&to build three basic manufacturing clusters, each with its own&&specialization. The first is the Pearl River Delta (including Hong Kong&&as the main channel for export), which specializes in labor intensive&&manufacturing, production of spare parts and their assembly. The second&&is the Yangtze River Delta, specializing in capital intensive&&industries: cars, semiconductors, mobile phones and notebooks, computers&&etc.The third cluster is Zhongguan Cun, Bejing, the Chinese Silicon Valley.&&Here the state directly intervenes to make possible the collaboration of&&colleges, enterprises and state banks to develop the Chinese IT&&industry. Meanwhile state colleges are also turning out huge numbers of college&&graduates & comparable to developed countries. In 2002 China had 590,000&&college graduates majoring in science and technology, whereas Japan had&&690,000 one or two years earlier, and Thailand only 10,000.These are some of China'a advantages over India.
正如巴拉吉维斯瓦纳坦所说，中国正在经历其人口红利的顶峰。中国的庞大规模&&一个国土辽阔的13亿人口国家&&极大地放大了以国家为主导的有效的增长模式和成熟的制造业优势。他的制造业受益于规模效应。他无中生有的建立起大规模的出口加工区，中国出口加工区的工人占全世界的三分之二。这种优势可以帮助中国打造三个基础制造业集群，并各有所长。首先是珠江三角洲（包括香港&&主要的出口渠道），专门从事劳动密集型制造业，零部件生产和组装。第二是长江三角洲，专业从事资本密集型行业：汽车、半导体、手机和笔记本、电脑等。第三是中国的硅谷&&北京中关村。在这里国家直接干预，尽可能的促成高校、企业和国有银行的合作，开拓中国IT产业。同时国内的大学也培养了大批的能与发达国家媲美大学毕业生。 2002年，中国主修科学与技术大学毕业生有59万，而日本一两年前才有69万，泰国只有1万。这些都是中国相对于印度的优势。
★Maybe it's destiny，China catched up with a very very good time when we conduct the Open policy since 1978,&&before that China is so poor, and I think India was advantage over China. It is Cold War time, American needed our support to against the Soviet Union, Japan needed market and resources.Thanks to Western country and Japan's help and invest, China began to develop at a full speed. When time came to 1991，Collapse of Soviet Union was a best gift to China, as you known, the relationship between China and the USA was not good like before, American just wanna China to against and pin down the SU, dont really want China to develop all the time, we got worse with the US because of affair happened in 1989.The threat from the SU disappeared, China became the wonderful, peace, and cheapest labor market in the world, cheap technology and resources especially the fossil oil from the SU influx into China, no one can stop the trend of China develop. China also has its fatal disadvantage, is our political configuration, maybe the chairman XI&&has realize that, put the power into the cage is theonly way to let China develop further.
India is also a big country,and have almost all condition China have to be a superpower country.Too much democracy make India move slowly, miss many good opportunity to speed up. Indian people maybe a little more lazy than chinese. Indian and chinese are the most cleverest people on the earth, oh, missing the Jew. what about the future of Indian? Indian will keep growing, but not surpass China in 100 years, why？because the best gift doesnt come all the time, and China like a big mouth to eat the most resources, you see, the iron, oil price go higher and higher, India shall pay more and more&&to develop and exceed to China. No choice? no! black swan affair happen will be a gift to India,like war between China and Japan, Vietnam , maybe political instability, at that time, really hopes India can grasp the opportunity!
也许这就是命，我们在1978年实施改革开放政策以来中国抓住了千载难逢的好机会。在那之前，中国相当的贫穷，我认为那时候印度相对中国优势巨大。冷战时期，美国需要我们的支持以对抗苏联，日本则需要市场和资源。由于西方国家和日本的帮助和投资，中国开始全速发展。到了1991年，苏联解体的是给中国最好的礼物。大家知道中国和美国之间的关系并不像以前一样好，美国只想中国反对和牵制苏联，不是真的想帮助中国发展，八九年事件使我们关系进一步恶化。但随着苏联解体，中国变成世界上理想的、和平的、最廉价的劳动力市场，廉价技术和资源尤其是从原苏联的石油源源不断涌入中国，中国的发展势不可挡。中国也有其致命的缺点&&就是我们的政治格局，也许习主席已经注意到了这点，把权力关进牢笼是中国进一步发展的唯一途径。
印度也是一个大国，几乎具备中国所有的条件，成为超级大国。滥用民主使印度行动迟缓错失良机。印度人也没有中国人那么勤奋。印度和中国是地球上最聪明的民族，对了，还有犹太人。所以印度的未来会怎样？我认为印度将持续发展，但是100年也不会超越中国，为什么呢？因为良机稍瞬即逝，中国这个无底洞张开大嘴狂吞了世界大部分资源，你看，铁矿石、原油价格持续走高，印度要超越中国所付出的代价也越来越高。有没有选择？没有！除非天赐印度黑天鹅事件（注：黑天鹅事件指在发现澳大利亚的黑天鹅之前，17世纪之前的欧洲人认为天鹅都是白色的。但随着第一只黑天鹅的出现，这个不可动摇的信念崩溃了。黑天鹅的存在寓意着不可预测的重大稀有事件，它在意料之外，却又改变一切。）比如中国和日本或越南开战，或政局不稳，到那时候，真希望印度能把握机会！&
★Anonymous
Quality of people in governance.
良政下人们的素质（高）
★Jay Gopal
Too much of democracy.
Opposition parties means they have to oppose anything and everything government proposes.
Small outfits craze for headlines do all funny politics to disrupt new laws.
滥用民主。
反对党意味着他们必须反对一切政府的主张。
一小撮人为上头条不惜在政治上哗众取宠来来破坏新的制度法规
★Moiz Lokhandwala
China's comparative advantages over India:
1)China has higher values of most social indicators of living standards such as life expectancy, infant mortality rate, coverage of immunisation, etc
2)China has a better infrastructure to promote R&D in the field of science and technology and is more capable of developing a better and more advanced military force.
3)chinas current overall GDP is 3 times larger than India's and by 2025 the difference is estimated at $4.4 trillion annually.
4)chinas spendings on defence is about 6 times more than India, which keeps them in a better position in that sense
5) industrial growth in China dwarfs India's growth, due to the massive manpower available, making it one of the largest manufacturer globally.
中国相比印度的优势如下：
1&）反映生活水平大多数指标中国领先于印度，如预期寿命、婴儿死亡率、疫苗覆盖率等。
2&）中国有更好的基础设施，以促进科技领域研发，也能够发展更好、更先进的军事力量。
3&）中国目前的GDP比印度大3倍，到2025年的差额估计为每年4.4万亿美元。
4&）中国的国防开支在印度6倍以上，这使他们在军事上更处于有利地位。
5&）中国工业增长使印度的增长相形见绌。由于大量的人力供应，使其成为全球规模最大的制造商之一。
★Shri Sarghuru S
Less corruption
Population
Technology
Cheap product production
Effective usage of resources
更少的腐败
生产资源的有效利用&
★Anonymous Hard work (we are lazy people) not too much democracy (democracy kills development at many point) language (here more than 50% Indians struggles between mother tongue and English) No caste based politics/rights no damage to public property They eat everything
勤奋工作（我们是懒人）不滥用民主（很多方面民主发展杀死发展）
语言（在这里有超过50 ％的印度人在母语和英语之间的挣扎）
不基于种姓制度的政治和权利不破坏公物
他们什么都吃！！
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