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借助IPFS网络的崛起，猛犸矿机会是下一个比特大陆吗
10:57:05 & & & 来源：大河网
基于区块链技术和密码学的数字货币是一种最近几年在全世界逐渐兴起的、革命性的、有巨大投资升值潜力的行业。 例如比特币从一文不值到如今每币价值数千元即是实例。目前很多金融机构、多国央行(包括我国)、众多著名互联网公司等都在探索这种新技术。日人民日报刊发了区块链署名评论文章《三问区块链》《抓住区块链这个机遇》及《做数字经济领跑者》，文章内容积极肯定了区块链在降低价值传输成本、解放生产力上的作用。及支付领域，公益领域，商品打假，金融监管等领域的有效应用。
在整个数字货币行业利益链中，挖矿是整个行业链条的最顶端和最起始端。举个例子，把数字货币比作毛衣，人们交易和使用数字货币就相当于要穿衣服，那挖矿就相当于纺织户织毛衣，矿机数量级小的就可以理解为个体纺织户，矿机数量级大的矿池就可以理解为专业纺织厂。织毛衣只要投入纺织机器的钱(矿机)就可以源源不断的产生毛衣。挖矿就相当于是一个可以低成本获取筹码的机会;也相当于就是锁定一笔钱，然后定期买入数字货币，避免直接买币买在高位上，币通过挖矿行为一点点挖出来。
IPFS所想重塑的是我们20年来赖以生存的互联网底层协议&&HTTP。从B/S模式(浏览器&服务器)和C/S模式(用户&&服务器)转换成P2P(点对点)模式会让现有的互联网生态彻底解构：访问域名成为历史，浏览器不再被需要，因为IPNS(系统)能让用户以普通语言直接找到文件本身。信息将以新的形态活跃在公众视野中。原因在于HTTP协议诞生20年来，协议也从1.0到2.0，但web应用本质上还是基于B/S架构的模式，它的根本劣势仍然无法得到很好的改进：
1.HTTP的效率低下，并且服务器昂贵。使用HTTP协议从中心化的服务器集群中一次需要下载一个完整文件，而P2P的方式可以从许多peers(对等节点)中下载不同的数据块，经研究可以节省60%的带宽成本。
2.历史文件被删除。网页的平均寿命是100天，部分网站数据不能得到永久保存。这也是受限于中心化服务器的高存储成本。举个例子，网页常见的404页面。
3.HTTP的中心化限制了发展机会。如下图，全球互联网的域名解析服务，根源上是由13个根服务器所提供。同时主要的云服务也由几家重要的云服务商所提供。政府和机构可以在这些中心化集群前截取HTTP消息包，窥探和监控网民的生活;黑客们也可以通过DDOS等手段攻击中心化的服务器集群，网络瘫痪的案例屡见不鲜。
4.网络应用过于依赖主干网。当主干网因为不可抗力因素造成拥塞或宕机等，无法继续服务时，应用也会受到影响。
星存科技(杭州)有限公司成立于2018年，团队在分布式存储行业以及软件研发领域具有强大的研发能力。旗下发布的第一代产品IPFS猛犸矿机M1性能在行业里保持领先地位。同时即将推出的猛犸矿池，将以更高的视野整合行业资源，为IPFS的全球布局保驾护航。
猛犸矿机团队由经验丰富的企业高管，领域专家，投资者，以及成功的创业者组成，成员均来自国内外顶级高科技企业和知名机构。在算法优化，分布式存储，供应链资源，营销管理，技术服务等领域有丰富经验和深厚积累，在IPFS星际文件系统领域具有全球领先的视野和前瞻性。
猛犸矿机团队致力于成为业内领先型IPFS云节点服务商，专注于对算法、分布式存储、网络资源分配优化，全力以赴为矿机客户创造更丰厚的收益。
文章投诉热线:156
投诉邮箱:29132去中心化的IPFS 能否干掉传统服务器网站(HTTP)？
IFPS能否干掉传统服务器网站(HTTP)？
IPFS ：分布式HTTP替代
HTTP协议连接了全世界的信息，但它分发内容的方式被认为存在根本性缺陷。Tim Berners-Lee的NeXT电脑是世界第一台Web服务器，但机箱上有一个贴纸：“这台机器是服务器，不要关闭。”因为关闭服务器你将无法访问上面托管的内容。他的电脑也是世界上第一批死亡的Web服务器，如今已被存放在博物馆。Web的本意是去中心化，但却它变得越来越中心化，今天我们越来越多的人依靠的是少数网站的服务。HTTP变成了一个脆弱的，高度集中的、无效、过度依赖于骨干网的协议。这就是分布式点对点系统IPFS试图解决的问题。IPFS宣布，Neocities成为第一个在产品中实现IPFS协议的大型网站，Neocities上的所有网站可以在全世界任意IPFS节点上浏览、存档和托管。即使 Neocities关闭了，内容也不会永久消失。 IPFS目前还处于alpha开发阶段，感兴趣的用户可以去下载软件安装到电脑上。
不错，这个世界慢慢都变成去中心化了，好事一件哈——最后的中心化就是正负
skynet is coming
至少一大段时间内不能，你可以开发试试
先去注册个试试，说不定能够取代http
这个文章不错，原来发展已经很久了。
智能坊，全球第一款可编程智能合约系统，已正式发布。
够呛吧。。。。
这等于是向现有的所有的网络供应商宣战,会干死很多人,你觉得这些很多人会同意吗?
签名出租~只租美女！
作者的其他主题HTTP vs IPFS: is Peer-to-Peer Sharing the Future of the Web? & SitePoint
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March 01, 2016
Jeff Smith
HTTP vs IPFS: is Peer-to-Peer Sharing the Future of the Web?
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Thanks to ,
for kindly helping to
this article.
(IPFS) is a revolutionary model that could change the way we use the Internet. Unlike the typical server-client model we&re accustomed to, IPFS is something more like BitTorrent. Does that grab your attention? Then read on!
The Problems With Today&s Web
(HTTP) is the backbone of the World Wide Web. We use HTTP to access most of the Internet. Any website we visit, typically, is via HTTP. It&s essentially a server&client mentality, where our computer sends requests to the server hosting a website, and the server sends back responses.
HTTP, though, lends itself naturally to a narrower and narrower subset of services. It&s natural for large services to emerge as the sort of structure of a large portion of the Web, but that sort of centralized environment can be dangerous. If any of the large hosting companies and/or providers of services & such as Google, Microsoft, Amazon, Dropbox, Rackspace, and the like & were to suddenly falter, the results to the Web would be disastrous in the short term. And herein lies the problem (at least one of them).
In addition to the natural process of centralization that&s occurring, there&s also a troubling reliability issue with today&s web. Most websites and applications are hosted by a single server, or by a redundant array of load balanced servers, or whatever the case may be. If the owner of those servers, or the datacenter&s management, or even a natural disaster, takes those machines out, will the application continue to run? Backups and redundancy can be put into effect by organizations with enough resources, but even those can&t stop a company which simply decides to take down their website or application.
Reliance on Hosts
If and when the server hosting a site goes down, we&re now reliant on the hosting company to have fail safes, redundant systems, backups, etc.
They must recognize that your service is out, and assist you in restoring it. If it&s a hardware issue, they should have alternative systems they can port your setup onto. They should have backup networking systems, and they should be keeping at least a backup of your data, whether they advertise it or not, in the event of a data loss situation that is their fault.
What if they don&t?
Reliance on Site Administrators
Now the impetus falls on site administrators to keep a service going and data backed up. If you&ve ever been an avid user of an application that was suddenly removed, you know this feeling.
Movements to open source help tremendously, allowing multiple forks of a project to take off, and allowing things that are more static & like documentation & to be preserved in multiple locations and in multiple formats. But the fact remains that the majority of the Web is controlled by people like you or me, maintaining servers.
Some freelance developers even manage the hosting and maintenance of some of their smaller clients& sites. What if they forget to pay their bill? Get angry with a client and lock them out of their site? Get hit by a truck? Yes, the site owner may have legal options in any of these cases, but will that help you while your site is completely inaccessible?
Reliance on Users
Yet one more problem is that of the users of any web application. Content often must have a critical mass of users or visitors to even merit hosting. Often low-traffic applications or static sites are shuttered simply because they aren&t cost effective to run. Additionally, the reverse problem is also very real. Users of the modern Internet are still clustering together. Facebook & which is a single social network & has somewhere in the ballpark of one out of every five persons on the face of the Earth reported as active users. There are countless businesses who entirely depend upon Facebook to exist. What if it shut down tomorrow?
Of course, Facebook won&t shut down tomorrow, and neither will most of the apps you love and use. But some may. And the more users that have flocked to them before that happens, the more damage that will cause to everyday workflows, or even to personal and business finances, depending on what kind of applications you use and for what.
The Answer is IPFS
So, you may be asking, how does IPFS solve these problems? IPFS is a relatively new attempt to solve some of these issues using distributed file systems. The IPFS project is still fairly low on documentation, and is perhaps the first of many different solutions.
IPFS Nodes
First and foremost, you should understand a few things about IPFS. IPFS is decentralized. Without a typical server providing web pages for every client that arrives at the website&s domain, a different infrastructure must be imagined. Every machine running IPFS would be a node as part of a swarm.
Consider the way torrents currently work. You choose a file to download, and when you use a torrent application to do so, you&re essentially sending out a request to all of the computers attached to the same torrent network as you, and if any of them have the file you&re requesting, and are able to upload at the moment, they begin sending pieces of it to your computer. That&s a condensed version.
So how do IPFS nodes work? Each machine that&s running IPFS is able to select what files they want their node to serve.
Hashing and IPNS
Every file that exists on IPFS would have a unique hash to represent it, and any minute change would result in a new hash being generated. These hashes are how content can be viewed. A client queries the system for a hash, and any node that has that content available can serve it to peers. The &swarm& provides a torrent-like experience, wherein peers are capable of serving each other content.
This system will allow content to be served quickly and accurately to clients, regardless of their proximity to the original host of the content. Additionally, because hashes are employed, both ends of the exchange can be checked for correct content, as a single bit out of place would result in a different hash.
The Inter-Planetary Naming System (IPNS) can be used to assign a
name to mutable (changeable) content, so that your node publishes a piece of content, has a name attached to it, and then is able to republish changes with the same name. This, of course, could result in loss of available content, so IPNS entities, according to the developers, may some day function more like a Git commit log, allowing a client to iterate back through versions of the published content.
So, you&ve heard all about centralization and decentralization. But what are the practical benefits of the fact that IPFS is decentralized?
Reliability and Persistence
The content being served on the IPFS network is going to be around, essentially, forever, if people want it to be. There&s not any single weak link, server, or failing point. With larger files, there may be a benefit to having multiple peers as options for your IPFS to choose from to acquire the file. But the real benefit comes from having those multiple options to start with. If one node hosting it goes down, there will be others.
Secured Against DDoS-style Attacks
Simply by its nature, distributed peer to peer content cannot be affected by &Direct Denial of Service& style attacks. These attacks are primarily concerned with bombarding host servers to bring down websites or services. However, if the same content is being served to you from multiple peers, an effective DDoS attack would have to find and target all of them.
Previously Viewed Content Available Offline
With the caching system in place with IPFS, it&s entirely possible that quite a lot of your regularly viewed content would be available offline by default. Any dynamic content might not be up to date, of course, but previously viewed static content resources could be at your fingertips whether you were in range of your Wi-Fi or not.
How Would Things Change?
With IPFS as a major player, things would definitely change. Although IPNS nodes can be mapped to HTTP addresses currently, they would not necessarily need to be forever. Web browsers might change, or be removed entirely. More likely, given the transition, you&d simply begin using multiple protocols to access content (instead of typing http:// you might end up with several other protocols available in major browsers). These browsers would also need to be equipped with an automatic way to replace any locally cached content, if the node the browser attempts to contact has content that has been altered and is presenting a new hash.
Browsers, or other clients, might be the only necessary software. Remember that IPFS is peer to peer, so your IPFS installation is simply reaching out to locate others.
You also may wonder what happens with websites serving dynamic content. The answer here is far less clear. While updating static content and republishing to IPFS might not be such a challenge, dynamic, database-driven websites will be significantly more complicated. The challenge ahead will be for developers and proponents of the system to create not only viable, but also practical alternatives to cover these use cases, as a huge portion of the Web today is driven by dynamic database content. IPNS provides some potential solutions here, as do other services that are being developed, but a production-ready solution is yet to come.
The Future with IPFS
IPFS is definitely not a polished, well-oiled machine yet. It&s more of a fascinating prototype of what the Web could look like in coming years. The more people who test, contribute, and work to improve it, the greater chance it will have to change the way we serve content on the Internet as a whole. So get involved!
Download , or check out the , to get a little more information on the subject, and get started today!
Meet the author
Jeff works for a startup as a technical writer, does contract writing and web development, and loves tinkering with new projects and ideas.
In addition to being glued to a computer for a good part of his day, Jeff is also a husband, father, tech nerd, book nerd, and gamer.
& 2000 & 2018 SitePoint Pty. Ltd.互联网改变了人类生活的方方面面，但如今颠覆底层技术的新物种出现了！
这个技术新物种是IPFS，行星际文件系统（InterPlanetary File System）。IPFS是一种基于区块链技术的点对点媒体协议，目标是替代HTTP协议，用分布式储存和内容寻址技术，解决现在存在的种种缺陷。
IPFS技术由毕业于斯坦福大学计算机专业的胡安&贝尼特发明。2017年8月IPFS的公有链的代币Filecoin，通过代币众筹，成功募集超过2.5亿美元融资，火爆异常。
互联网不是完美的，其缺陷在规模化扩散过程中越来越明显；区块链技术和IPFS协议正被委以重任，来改变中心化、高成本、低效率、不够安全可靠的互联网。
互联网改变世界背后的技术逻辑
互联网起源于美国国防部的阿帕网。1968年，美国国防部开始组建计算机阿帕网，并逐步向非军用部门开放。随后，TCP/IP协议和HTTP协议被发明，标准统一的技术协议的建立，让越来越多的计算机可以接入，真正大规模的互联网得以形成。
TCP是英特网传输层的技术协议，IP则是网络层的协议，TCP/IP协议共同建立了计算机等网络设备如何接入因特网，以及数据在设备之间传输的标准。HTTP是互联网上应用最为广泛的文本传输协议，所有的WWW文件都必须要遵循该协议才能实现互联，它是互联网信息生产、共享、传播、复制的基础。
是这些底层技术协议建构了互联网。互联网解决了人类信息互联、共享的问题，但在互联网深入发展、用户指数增长过程中，缺陷和危机也暴露出来。
互联网的困境
互联网运行背后除了上述的技术协议之外，另外一个重要的构成部分是服务器。随着互联网的无边界扩张和融合，服务器越来越趋于中心化，中心化的服务器在可分布性和可持久性方面存在重大缺陷，这为互联网带来了危机。
万维网的发明者、英国计算机科学家蒂姆&博纳斯&李，在1990年和另一位计算机科学家一起成功地通过Internet实现了HTTP代理与服务器的第一次通讯，他在CERN的NeXT电脑是世界上第一台HTTP协议的web服务器，在这台被用作服务器的电脑上，贴着一个纸条上面写道&这是一台服务器，不要关机！&这是因为其它web要依靠服务器运转。和这种情形一样，互联网需要依赖服务器进行运转，网站、APP等互联网应用，皆存储在服务器之中，一旦服务器损坏、连接中断，或是存储在服务其中的应用和文件丢失、位置移动、损坏，用户便无法访问。
互联网规模越大、服务的用户越多，需要的服务器数量便越多，大型互联网和科技企业的服务器更是数以万计，比如谷歌就拥有超过100万台服务器，Intel则有超过10万台的服务器。
中心化的web服务器的第一个缺陷是造成互联网的运行效率低下、规模不经济。使用HTTP协议一次仅能从一台服务器上下载一个文件，以曾经火便全世界的网络视频&江南style&为例，为了获得更高的网站点击量，所有的视频网站都需要将该视频文件在服务器中存储，以备用户访问，为了防止文件损坏和丢失还需要备份，这种模式既是对储存空间的浪费，还会造成用户流量的浪费；中心化的web服务器依赖主干网络运行，还会造成网络运行效率低下。
超中心化的web存在的第二个缺陷是数据的冗余和无法永久储存。为了防止服务器被自然风险、黑客等外力破坏，互联网科技公司需要对数据进行多重备份，因此企业的运营成本无形中增高；此外数据也没办法被永久储存，数据会被定期清理，这造成了许多历史信息和数据资产的永久丢失。
现在为节省运营成本，小型互联网公司通常会租用大型互联网企业的服务器，这进一步推进互联网的中心化，这为我们的信息安全带来风险，在互联网数字全景监狱下，政府等权力机构以及黑客通过中心化的服务器对用户进行审查和窥探，将网络安全托付给大型互联网公司是不可靠的。
颠覆者：区块链和IPFS
以分布式账本、去中心化信任、时间戳、非对称加密和智能化合约五大技术为特征的区块链，和以区块链技术为基础的IPFS协议被寄于厚望，试图改变互联网的底层技术，解决互联网所面临的发展困境。
IPFS本质上是一个面向全球持久分布式储存的、点对点的网络传输协议，在IPFS网络中，每个节点只储存它感兴趣的内容和文件的索引信息，每个文件被赋予一个被称作加密散列的唯一指纹，每个文件会依据内容计算出加密的哈希值，IPFS通过网络删除具有相同哈希值的文件，来清除网络中文件的冗余和重复，并跟踪文件的历史版本记录，这确保了相同的文件在IPFS网络中紧储存一份，且被永久保存；文件是被分散保存的，没有中心化的服务器，在IPFS网络中，人人都是网络运营者，每台计算机都是一个分散的服务器。
通过IPFS的工作原理来看，IPFS网络不仅解决了互联网中心化带来的高成本、低效率、信息冗余、信息缺失、信息安全无法保障的诸多问题，也打破是数字化全景监狱对用户的监视，有望让互联网真正做到开放、平等、安全。
区块链和IPFS的普及将颠覆现有互联网的底层技术协议，未来互联网将不需要中心化的服务器、没有主干网络，互联网的运行将不再依靠中心化的互联网企业，Google、Facebook、BAT等互联网企业都面临被颠覆的危险。
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区块链，作为一个新事物，生来就笼罩着一层神秘的光环，看各方言论，区块链俨然有比肩工业革命和计算机革命的趋势。区块链是什么？一句话，区块链是一种特殊的分布式数据库。...
各位运营设计大神们~ 做信息流，除了优化技巧，还关心啥？当然是流量！流量！流量！流量多不多？流量渣不渣？什么都别说了，一起看数据吧！！！...
这个技术新物种是IPFS，行星际文件系统（InterPlanetary File System）。IPFS是一种基于区块链技术的点对点媒体协议，目标是替代HTTP协议，用分布式储存和内容寻址技术，解决现在互联网存在的种种缺陷。...
2017年AI是极其热的，所以人们会习惯性的按照互联网的思路去寻找爆品，寻找落地点，寻找之后很多人可能会很失望，因为看来看去还是这些东西。实际上AI所拉动的产业升级已经正式启程，只不过节奏与互联网不同。
无论是吴晓波眼里的激荡四十年，还是罗胖嘴里的六个脑洞，无非都是在讲认知和趋势这码事。一年前的科技、互联网行业是流量、注意力过剩的时代，在用户的大池子里插根扁担也能开花，但过去的2017年是最跌宕起伏的一年，更是一道分水岭。站在这个新的拐点上，对趋势的把握，以及认知上的升级，会变得更加重要。...
网联平台完成上线的包括财付通、网银在线、快钱、百付宝、支付宝、平安付、翼支付等7家支付机构，联动优势、中移电商也即将完成接入，9家大型支付机构市场业务量规模占比合计超过96%。...
据国家新闻出版广电总局门户网站消息，针对“新浪微博”、“ACFUN”、“凤凰网”等网站在不具备《信息网络传播视听节目许可证》的情况下开展视听节目服务，并且大量播放不符合国家规定的时政类视听节目和宣扬负面言论的社会评论性节目...
明星与资本之间的博弈，双方需要各自掌握好分寸。资本不能过度消耗明星的知名度与流量；而明星也不能一味妥协资本，否则砸进去也有可能赔本，造成鸡飞蛋打的尴尬局面，而明星如何把握副业和正业之间的平衡也将成为一大考验。...
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