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They have spent ages looking at the map and can't find a trace of anywhere called Darrowby...
他们对着地图细看了许久也没能找到那个叫达罗比的地方的影踪。
找到;寻得;获得
If you find something that you need or want, you succeed in achieving or obtaining it.
Many people here cannot find work...
这里很多人都找不到工作。
So far they have not found a way to fight the virus...
迄今为止，他们还没有找到一种对抗该病毒的方法。
发现…存在(于)
If something is found in a particular place or thing, it exists in that place.
Two thousand of France's 4,200 species of flowering plants are found in the park...
法国的 4,200 种开花植物中有 2,000种可见于这个公园。
Fibre is found in cereal foods, beans, fruit and vegetables.
谷类食品、豆类、水果和蔬菜中含有纤维素。
发现…处于某种状态;遇见;碰见
If you find someone or something in a particular situation, they are in that situation when you see them or come into contact with them.
They found her walking alone and depressed on the beach...
他们碰见她独自一人神色忧郁地走在海滩上。
She returned to her east London home to find her back door forced open...
她回到在伦敦东区的住所时发现后门被撬开了。
(不知不觉中)发现(自己在做某事)
If you find yourself doing something, you are doing it without deciding or intending to do it.
It's not the first time that you've found yourself in this situation...
你陷入这种状况已经不是第一次了。
I found myself having more fun than I had had in years...
我发现自己这些年来从未像现在这样开心过。
(某一时刻或事件)把…置于某种情形中
If a time or event finds you in a particular situation, you are in that situation at the time mentioned or when the event occurs.
Daybreak found us on a cold, clammy ship...
天亮时我们发现自己呆在一条冰冷黏湿的船上。
His lunch did not take long to arrive and found him poring over a notepad covered with scrawls.
不久午餐就送来了，当时他正埋头于一本满是潦草字迹的记事簿。
发觉，认识到(某事属实)
If you find that something is the case, you become aware of it or realize that it is the case.
The two biologists found, to their surprise, that both groups of birds survived equally well...
这两位生物学家惊奇地发现，两组鸟都很好地存活了下来。
At my age I would find it hard to get another job...
到了我这个年纪自己就会发觉很难再找到一份工作了。
裁决;判决;判定
When a court or jury decides that a person on trial is guilty or innocent, you say that the person has been found guilty or not guilty.
She was found guilty of manslaughter and put on probation for two years...
她被裁定过失杀人罪名成立，缓刑两年。
When they found us guilty, I just went blank.
当他们判定我们有罪时，我的脑子顿时一片空白。
You can use find to express your reaction to someone or something.
I find most of the young men of my own age so boring...
我觉得和我同龄的年轻人大多都很无聊。
We're sure you'll find it exciting!...
我们保证你一定会认为这很刺激的！
感受到(愉快、安慰等情感)
If you find a feeling such as pleasure or comfort in a particular thing or activity, you experience the feeling mentioned as a result of this thing or activity.
How could anyone find pleasure in hunting and killing this beautiful creature?...
怎么会有人以猎杀这种美丽的动物为乐呢？
I was too tired and frightened to find comfort in that familiar promise.
我既疲惫又恐惧，就连那熟悉的承诺都无法让我感到安慰。
找出，挤出(时间或金钱)
If you find the time or money to do something, you succeed in making or obtaining enough time or money to do it.
I was just finding more time to write music...
我刚刚找到了更多时间来作曲。
My sister helped me find the money for a private operation.
姐姐帮我筹集资金开办了一家私人企业。
(有价值的)发现;(有用的)发现物
If you describe someone or something that has been discovered as a find, you mean that they are valuable, interesting, good, or useful.
Another of his lucky finds was a pair of candle-holders...
他的另一个幸运发现是一对烛台。
His discovery was hailed as the botanical find of the century.
他的发现被誉为本世纪植物学的最重大发现。
找到正确的路(去某处);成功地到达
If you find your way somewhere, you successfully get there by choosing the right way to go.
He was an expert at finding his way, even in strange surroundings...
他是认路的行家，即使在陌生的环境中也是如此。
After a while I pulled myself to my feet and found my way to the street.
过了一会儿我费力地站起身来，找到了那条大街。
(尤指某物偶然)去到(某处)
If something finds its way somewhere, it comes to that place, especially by chance.
It is one of the very few Michelangelos that have found their way out of Italy...
这是少数几件流传到意大利境外的米开朗琪罗作品之一。
The most unlikely objects found their way into his design and look absolutely right where he placed them.
那些最不可能的东西出现于他的设计中，并且在他的安排下显得恰得其所。
PHRASAL VERB
(尤指特意通过努力)发现，找出，查明
If you find something out, you learn something that you did not already know, especially by making a deliberate effort to do so.
It makes you want to watch the next episode to find out what's going to happen...
这让人想要看下一集，弄清紧接着会发生什么事。
I was relieved to find out that my problems were due to a genuine disorder...
得知我的问题确实是由于病症引起的，我松了口气。
PHRASAL VERB
查出…的不轨行为;揭发出
If you find someone out, you discover that they have been doing something dishonest.
Her face was so grave, I wondered for a moment if she'd found me out.
她的表情如此严肃，我一时怀疑她是不是已经知道了我干的事。
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i请填写生词本名称!yum - Yellowdog Updater Modified
yum [options] [command] [package ...]
DESCRIPTION
yum is an interactive, rpm based, package manager. It can
automatically perform system updates, including dependency analysis
and obsolete processing based on "repository" metadata. It can also
perform installation of new packages, removal of old packages and
perform queries on the installed and/or available packages among many
other commands/services (see below). yum is similar to other high
level package managers like apt-get and smart.
While there are some graphical interfaces directly to the yum code,
more recent graphical interface development is happening with
PackageKit and the gnome-packagekit application.
command is one of:
* install package1 [package2] [...]
* update [package1] [package2] [...]
* update-to [package1] [package2] [...]
* update-minimal [package1] [package2] [...]
* check-update
* upgrade [package1] [package2] [...]
* upgrade-to [package1] [package2] [...]
* distribution-synchronization [package1] [package2] [...]
* remove | erase package1 [package2] [...]
* autoremove [package1] [...]
* list [...]
* info [...]
* provides | whatprovides feature1 [feature2] [...]
* clean [ packages | metadata | expire-cache | rpmdb | plugins | all
* makecache [fast]
* groups [...]
* search string1 [string2] [...]
* shell [filename]
* resolvedep dep1 [dep2] [...]
(maintained for legacy reasons only - use repoquery or yum
* localinstall rpmfile1 [rpmfile2] [...]
(maintained for legacy reasons only - use install)
* localupdate rpmfile1 [rpmfile2] [...]
(maintained for legacy reasons only - use update)
* reinstall package1 [package2] [...]
* downgrade package1 [package2] [...]
* deplist package1 [package2] [...]
* repolist [all|enabled|disabled]
* repoinfo [all|enabled|disabled]
* repository-packages &enabled-repoid& &install|remove|remove-or-
reinstall|remove-or-distribution-synchronization& [package2] [...]
* version [ all | installed | available | group-* | nogroups* |
grouplist | groupinfo ]
* history [info|list|packages-list|packages-info|summary|addon-
info|redo|undo|rollback|new|sync|stats]
* load-transaction [txfile]
* updateinfo [summary | list | info | remove-pkgs-ts | exclude-
updates | exclude-all | check-running-kernel]
* fssnapshot [summary | list | have-space | create | delete]
* fs [filters | refilter | refilter-cleanup | du]
* help [command]
Unless the --help or -h option is given, one of the above commands
must be present.
Repository configuration is honored in all operations.
Is used to install the latest version of a package or group of
packages while ensuring that all dependencies are satisfied.
(See Specifying package names for more information) If no
package matches the given package name(s), they are assumed to
be a shell glob and any matches are then installed. If the
name starts with @^ then it is treated as an environment group
(group install @^foo), an @ character and it's treated as a
group (plain group install).
If the name starts with a "-" character, then a search is done
within the transaction and any matches are removed. Note that
Yum options use the same syntax and it may be necessary to use
"--" to resolve any possible conflicts.
If the name is a file, then install works like localinstall.
If the name doesn't match a package, then package "provides"
are searched (e.g. "_sqlitecache.so()(64bit)") as are
filelists (Eg. "/usr/bin/yum"). Also note that for filelists,
wildcards will match multiple packages.
Because install does a lot of work to make it as easy as
possible to use, there are also a few specific install
commands "install-n", "install-na" and "install-nevra". These
only work on package names, and do not process wildcards etc.
update If run without any packages, update will update every
currently installed package.
If one or more packages or
package globs are specified, Yum will only update the listed
While updating packages, yum will ensure that all
dependencies are satisfied. (See Specifying package names for
more information) If the packages or globs specified match to
packages which are not currently installed then update will
not install them. update operates on groups, files, provides
and filelists just like the "install" command.
If the main obsoletes configure option is true (default) or
the --obsoletes flag is present yum will include package
obsoletes in its calculations - this makes it better for
distro-version changes, for example: upgrading from somelinux
8.0 to somelinux 9.
Note that "update" works on installed packages first, and only
if there are no matches does it look for available packages.
The difference is most noticeable when you do "update foo-1-2"
which will act exactly as "update foo" if foo-1-2 is
installed. You can use the "update-to" if you'd prefer that
nothing happen in the above case.
This command works like "update" but always specifies the
version of the package we want to update to.
update-minimal
This works like the update command, but if you have the
package foo-1 installed and have foo-2 (bugfix) and foo-3
(enhancement) available with updateinfo.xml then update-
minimal --bugfix will update you to foo-2.
check-update
Implemented so you could know if your machine had any updates
that needed to be applied without running it interactively.
Returns exit value of 100 if there are packages available for
an update. Also returns a list of the packages to be updated
in list format. Returns 0 if no packages are available for
update. Returns 1 if an error occurred.
Running in verbose
mode also shows obsoletes.
Is the same as the update command with the --obsoletes flag
set. See update for more details.
upgrade-to
This command works like "upgrade" but always specifies the
version of the package we want to update to.
distribution-synchronization or distro-sync
Synchronizes the installed package set with the latest
packages available, this is done by either obsoleting,
upgrading or downgrading as appropriate. This will "normally"
do the same thing as the upgrade command however if you have
the package FOO installed at version 4, and the latest
available is only version 3, then this command will downgrade
FOO to version 3.
If you give the optional argument "full", then the command
will also reinstall packages where the install checksum and
the available checksum do not match. And remove old packages
(can be used to sync. rpmdb versions). The optional argument
"different" can be used to specify the default operation.
This command does not perform operations on groups, local
packages or negative selections.
remove or erase
Are used to remove the specified packages from the system as
well as removing any packages which depend on the package
being removed. remove operates on groups, files, provides and
filelists just like the "install" command.(See Specifying
package names for more information)
Note that "yum" is included in the protected_packages
configuration, by default.
So you can't accidentally remove
yum itself.
The remove_leaf_only configuration changes the behaviour of
this command to only remove packages which aren't required by
something else.
The clean_requirements_on_remove configuration changes the
behaviour of this command to also remove packages that are
only dependencies of this package.
Because remove does a lot of work to make it as easy as
possible to use, there are also a few specific remove commands
"remove-n", "remove-na" and "remove-nevra". These only work on
package names, and do not process wildcards etc.
autoremove
With one or more arguments this command works like running the
"remove" command with the clean_requirements_on_remove turned
on. However you can also specify no arguments, at which point
it tries to remove any packages that weren't installed
explicitly by the user and which aren't required by anything
(so called leaf packages).
Because autoremove does a lot of work to make it as easy as
possible to use, there are also a few specific autoremove
commands "autoremove-n", "autoremove-na" and "autoremove-
nevra". These only work on package names, and do not process
wildcards etc.
Is used to list various information abou
more complete details are available in the List Options
section below.
provides or whatprovides
Is used to find out which package provides some feature or
file. Just use a specific name or a file-glob-syntax wildcards
to list the packages available or installed that provide that
feature or file.
search This is used to find packages when you know something about
the package but aren't sure of it's name. By default search
will try searching just package names and summaries, but if
that "fails" it will then try descriptions and url.
Yum search orders the results so that those packages matching
more terms will appear first.
You can force searching everything by specifying "all" as the
first argument.
Is used to list a description and summary information about
takes the same arguments as in the List
Options section below.
Is used to clean up various things which accumulate in the yum
cache directory over time.
More complete details can be found
in the Clean Options section below.
Is used to download and make usable all the metadata for the
currently enabled yum repos. If the argument "fast" is passed,
then we just try to make sure the repos are current (much like
"yum clean expire-cache").
groups A command, new in 3.4.2, that collects all the subcommands
that act on groups together. Note that recent yum using
distributions (Fedora-19+, RHEL-7+) have configured
group_command=objects which changes how group commands act in
some important ways.
"group install" is used to install all of the individual
packages in a group, of the specified types (this works as if
you'd taken each of those package names and put them on the
command line for a "yum install" command).
The group_package_types configuration option specifies which
types will be installed.
If you wish to "reinstall" a group so that you get a package
that is currently blacklisted the easiest way to do that
currently is to install the package manually and then run
"groups mark packages-sync mygroup mypackagename" (or use
yumdb to set the group_member of the package(s)).
"group update" is just an alias for group install, when using
group_command=compat. This will install packages in the group
not already installed and upgrade existing packages. With
group_command=simple it will just upgrade already installed
packages. With group_command=objects it will try to upgrade
the group object, installing any available packages not
blacklisted (marked '-' in group info) and will upgrade the
installed packages.
"group list" is used to list the available groups from all yum
repos. When group_command=objects the group is installed if
the user explicitly installed it (or used the group mark*
commands to mark it installed).
It does not need to have any
packages installed.
When not using group_command=objects
groups are shown as "installed" if all mandatory packages are
installed, or if a group doesn't have any mandatory packages
then it is installed if any of the optional or default package
are installed (when not in group_command=objects mode).
can pass optional arguments to the list/summary commands:
installed, available, environment, language, packages, hidden
and ids (or any of those prefixed by "no" to turn them off
Note that groups that are available but hidden will
not be listed unless ?hidden? keyword is passed to the
If you pass the -v option, to enable verbose mode,
then the groupids are displayed by default (but "yum group
list ids" is often easier to read).
"group remove" is used to remove all of the packages in a
group, unlike "groupinstall" this will remove everything
regardless of group_package_types. It is worth pointing out
that packages can be in more than one group, so "group install
X Y" followed by "group remove Y" does not do give you the
same result as "group install X".
The groupremove_leaf_only configuration changes the behaviour
of this command to only remove packages which aren't required
by something else.
"group info" is used to give the description and package list
of a group (and which type those packages are marked as). Note
that you can use the yum-filter-data and yum-list-data plugins
to get/use the data the other way around (i.e. what groups own
packages need updating). If you pass the -v option, to enable
verbose mode, then the package names are matched against
installed/available packages similar to the list command.
When using group_command=objects, the info command will
display markers next to each package saying how that package
relates to the group object. The meaning of these markers is:
"-" = Package isn't installed, and won't be installed as part
of the group (Eg.
"yum group install foo -pkgA" or "yum group
yum remove pkgA" … this will have pkgA marked as
"+" = Package isn't installed, but will be the next time you
run "yum upgrade" or "yum group upgrade foo"
" " = Package is installed, but wasn't installed via the group
(so "group remove foo" won't remove it).
"=" = Package is installed, and was installed via the group.
you can move an installed package into an installed group
using either "group mark package-sync/package-sync-forced" or
"yumdb set group_member".
"group summary" is used to give a quick summary of how many
groups are installed and available.
"group mark" and "group unmark" are used when groups are
configured in group_command=objects mode. These commands then
allow you to alter yum's idea of which groups are installed,
and the packages that belong to them.
"group mark install" mark the group as installed. When
installed "yum upgrade" and "yum group upgrade" will install
new packages for the group (only those packages already
installed will be marked as members of the installed group to
start with).
"group mark remove" the opposite of mark install.
"group mark packages" takes a group id (which must be
installed) and marks any given installed packages (which
aren't members of a group) as members of the group. Note that
the data from the repositories does not need to specify the
packages as a member of the group.
"group mark packages-force" works like mark packages, but
doesn't care if the packages are already members of another
"group mark blacklist" will blacklist all packages marked to
be installed for a group. After this command a "yum group
upgrade" will not install any new packages as part of the
"group mark convert-blacklist"
"group mark convert-whitelist"
"group mark convert" converts the automatic data you get
without using groups as objects into groups as objects data,
in other words this will make "yum
--setopt=group_command=objects groups list" look as similar as
possible to the current output of "yum
--setopt=group_command=simple groups list". This makes it much
easier to convert to groups as objects without having to
reinstall. For groups that are installed the whitelist variant
will mark all uninstalled packages for the group as to be
installed on the next "yum group upgrade", the blacklist
variant (current default) will mark them all as blacklisted.
"group unmark packages" remove a package as a member from any
Is used to enter the 'yum shell', when a filename is specified
the contents of that file is executed in yum shell mode. See
for more info.
resolvedep
Is used to list packages providing the specified dependencies,
at most one package is listed per dependency. This command is
maintained for legacy reasons only, use repoquery instead.
localinstall
Is used to install a set of local rpm files. If required the
enabled repositories will be used to resolve dependencies.
Note that the install command will do a local install, if
given a filename. This command is maintained for legacy
reasons only.
localupdate
Is used to update the system by specifying local rpm files.
Only the specified rpm files of which an older version is
already installed will be installed, the remaining specified
packages will be ignored.
If required the enabled
repositories will be used to resolve dependencies. Note that
the update command will do a local update, if given a
filename. This command is maintained for legacy reasons only.
Will reinstall the identically versioned package as is
currently installed.
This does not work for "installonly"
packages, like Kernels. reinstall operates on groups, files,
provides and filelists just like the "install" command.
Will try and downgrade a package from the version currently
installed to the previously highest version (or the specified
The depsolver will not necessarily work, but if you
specify all the packages it should work (thus, all the simple
cases will work). Also this does not work for "installonly"
packages, like Kernels. downgrade operates on groups, files,
provides, filelists and rpm files just like the "install"
At it's simplest this is just a simpler way to remove one set
of package(s) and install another set of package(s) without
having to use the "shell" command.
However you can specify
different commands to call than just remove or install, and
you can list multiple packages (it splits using the "--"
Note that option parsing will remove the first "--"
in an argument list on the command line.
swap foo bar
swap -- remove foo -- install bar
swap foo group install bar-grp
swap -- group remove foo-grp -- group install bar-grp
Produces a list of all dependencies and what packages provide
those dependencies for the given packages. As of 3.2.30 it now
just shows the latest version of each package that matches
(this can be changed by using --showduplicates) and it only
shows the newest providers (which can be changed by using
--verbose).
Produces a list of configured repositories. The default is to
list all enabled repositories. If you pass -v, for verbose
mode, or use repoinfo then more information is listed. If the
first argument is ?enabled?, ?disabled? or ?all? then the
command will list those types of repos.
You can pass repo id or name arguments, or wildcards which to
match against both of those. However if the id or name matches
exactly then the repo will be listed even if you are listing
enabled repos and it is disabled.
In non-verbose mode the first column will start with a ?*? if
the repo. has metalink data and the latest metadata is not
local and will start with a ?!? if the repo. has metadata that
is expired (this can happen due to metadata_expire_filter).
For non-verbose mode the last column will also display the
number of packages in the repo. and (if there are any user
specified excludes) the number of packages excluded.
One last special feature of repolist, is that if you are in
non-verbose mode then yum will ignore any repo errors and
output the information it can get (Eg. " yum -C
repolist" will output something, although the package
counts/etc. will be zeroed out).
This command works exactly like repolist -v.
repository-packages
Treat a repo. as a collection of packages (like "yum groups")
allowing the user to install or remove them as a single
"repository-packages &repo& list" - Works like the "yum list"
command, but only shows packages from the given repository.
"repository-packages &repo& info" - Works like the "yum info"
command, but only shows packages from the given repository.
"repository-packages &repo& check-update" - Works like the
"yum check-update" command, but only shows packages from the
given repository.
"repository-packages &repo& install" - Install all of the
packages in the repository, basically the same as: yum install
$(repoquery --repoid=&repo& -a).
Specific packages/wildcards
can be specified.
"repository-packages &repo& upgrade" - Update all of the
packages in the repository, basically the same as: yum upgrade
$(repoquery --repoid=&repo& -a).
Specific packages/wildcards
can be specified.
"repository-packages &repo& upgrade-to" - Update all of the
packages in the repository, basically the same as: yum upgrade
$(repoquery --repoid=&repo& -a).
Without arguments it works
the same as upgrade, with arguments it just interprets them as
the versions you want to move to.
"repository-packages &repo& reinstall-old" - ReInstall all of
the packages that are installed from the repository and
available in the repository, similar to: yum reinstall $(yumdb
search-quiet from_repo &repo&).
"repository-packages &repo& move-to" - ReInstall all of the
packages that are available in the repository, basically the
same as: yum reinstall $(repoquery --repoid=&repo& -a).
"repository-packages &repo& reinstall" - Tries to do
reinstall-old, but if that produces no packages then tries
"repo-pkgs &repo& remove" - Remove all of the packages in the
repository, very similar to: yum remove $(repoquery
--repoid=&repo& -a). However the repopkgsremove_leaf_only
option is obeyed.
"repo-pkgs &repo& remove-or-reinstall" - Works like remove for
any package that doesn't have the exact same version in
another repository. For any package that does have the exact
NEVRA in another repository then that version will be
reinstalled.
"repo-pkgs &repo& remove-or-distro-sync" - Works like remove
for any package that doesn't exist in another repository. For
any package that does exist it tries to work as if distro-sync
was called (with the repo. disabled).
Produces a "version" of the rpmdb, and of the enabled
repositories if "all" is given as the first argument. You can
also specify version groups in the version-groups
configuration file. If you pass -v, for verbose mode, more
information is listed. The version is calculated by taking an
SHA1 hash of the packages (in sorted order), and the
checksum_type/checksum_data entries from the yumdb. Note that
this rpmdb version is now also used significantly within yum
(esp. in yum history).
The version command will now show "groups" of packages as a
separate version, and so takes sub-commands:
"version grouplist" - List the defined version groups.
"version groupinfo" - Get the complete list of packages within
one or more version groups.
"version installed" - This is the default, only show the
version information for installed packages.
"version available" - Only show the version information for
available packages.
"version all" - Show the version information for installed and
available packages.
"version nogroups | nogroups-*" - Just show the main version
information.
"version group-*" - Just show the grouped version information,
if more arguments are given then only show the data for those
The history command allows the user to view what has happened
in past transactions (assuming the history_record config.
option is set). You can use info/list/packages-list/packages-
info/summary to view what happened, undo/redo/rollback to act
on that information and new to start a new history file.
The info/list/summary commands take either a transaction id or
a package (with wildcards, as in Specifying package names),
all three can also be passed no arguments. list can be passed
the keyword "all" to list all the transactions.
The info command can also take ranges of transaction ids, of
the form start..end, which will then display a merged history
as if all the transactions in the range had happened at once.
Eg. "history info 1..4" will merge the first four transactions
and display them as a single transaction.
The packages-list/packages-info commands takes a package
(with wildcards, as in Specifying package names). And show
data from the point of view of that package.
The undo/redo/rollback commands take either a single
transaction id or the keyword last and an offset from the last
transaction (Eg. if you've done 250 transactions, "last"
refers to transaction 250, and "last-4" refers to transaction
The redo command can also take some optional arguments
before you specify the transaction. "force-reinstall" tells it
reinstall any packages that were installed in that transaction
(via install, upgrade or downgrade).
"force-remove" tells it
to forcibly remove any packages that were updated or
downgraded.
The undo/redo commands act on the specified transaction,
undo'ing or repeating the work of that transaction. While the
rollback command will undo all transactions up to the point of
the specified transaction. For example, if you have 3
transactions, where package A; B and C where installed
respectively.
Then "undo 1" will try to remove package A,
"redo 1" will try to install package A (if it is not still
installed), and "rollback 1" will try to remove packages B and
C. Note that after a "rollback 1" you will have a fourth
transaction, although the ending rpmdb version (see: yum
version) should be the same in transactions 1 and 4.
The addon-info command takes a transaction ID, and the
packages-list command takes a package (with wildcards).
The stats command shows some statistics about the current
history DB.
The sync commands allows you to change the rpmdb/yumdb data
stored for any installed packages, to whatever is in the
current rpmdb/yumdb (this is mostly useful when this data was
not stored when the package went into the history DB).
In "history list" you can change the behaviour of the 2nd
column via the configuration option history_list_view.
In "history list" output the Altered column also gives some
extra information if there was something not good with the
transaction (this is also shown at the end of the package
column in the packages-list command).
& - The rpmdb was changed, outside yum, after the transaction.
& - The rpmdb was changed, outside yum, before the
transaction.
* - The transaction aborted before completion.
# - The transaction completed, but with a non-zero status.
E - The transaction completed fine, but had warning/error
output during the transaction.
P - The transaction completed fine, but problems already
existed in the rpmdb.
s - The transaction completed fine, but --skip-broken was
enabled and had to skip some packages.
load-transaction
This command will re-load a saved yum transaction file, this
allows you to run a transaction on one machine and then use it
on another.
The two common ways to get a saved yum
transaction file are from "yum -q history addon-info last
saved_tx" or via the automatic saves in $TMPDIR/yum_save_tx.*
when a transaction is solved but not run.
Running the command without an argument, or a directory as an
argument will try and list the possible files available to
load. Showing if the packages are still available, if the
rpmdb matches the current rpmdb, how many transaction
install/removes members are in the saved transaction and what
the filename is.
updateinfo
This command has a bunch of sub-commands to act on the
updateinfo in the repositories. The simplest commands are:
yum updateinfo info [all | available | installed | updates]
yum updateinfo list [all | available | installed | updates]
yum updateinfo [summary] [all | available | installed |
which all display information about the available update
information relevant to your machine (including anything
installed, if you supply "all").
* updates Is used to display information about advisories for
packages that can be updated. This is the default.
* installed Is used to display information only about
installed advisories.
* available Is used to display information about advisories
for packages available for updating or installation.
* all Is used to display information about both installed and
available advisories.
They all take as arguments:
* &advisory& [advisory...]
Is used to display information
about one or more advisories.
* &package& [package...]
Is used to display information
about one or more packages.
* bugzillas / bzs Is the subset of the updateinfo
information, pertaining to the bugzillas.
* cves Is the subset of the updateinfo information,
pertaining to the CVEs.
* enhancement Is the subset of the updateinfo information,
pertaining to enhancements.
* bugfix Is the subset of the updateinfo information,
pertaining to bugfixes.
* security / sec Is the subset of the updateinfo information,
pertaining to security.
* severity / sev Include security relevant packages of this
* recommended Is the subset of the updateinfo information,
pertaining to recommended updates.
* new-packages Is the subset of the updateinfo information,
pertaining to new packages. These are packages which weren't
available at the initial release of your distribution.
There are also three sub-commands to remove packages when
using "yum shell", they are:
yum updateinfo remove-pkgs-ts
yum updateinfo exclude-updates
yum updateinfo exclude-all
they all take the following arguments:
* [bzs=foo] [advisories=foo] [cves=foo] [security-
severity=foo] [security] [bugfix]
and finally there is a command to manually check the running
kernel against updateinfo data:
yum updateinfo check-running-kernel
fssnapshot or fssnap
This command has a few sub-commands to act on the LVM data of
the host, to list snapshots and to create and remove them. The
simplest commands, to display information about the configured
LVM snapshotable devices, are:
yum fssnapshot [summary]
yum fssnapshot list
yum fssnapshot have-space
then you can create and delete snapshots using:
yum fssnapshot create
yum fssnapshot delete &device(s)&
Configuration Options: fssnap_automatic_pre,
fssnap_automatic_post, fssnap_automatic_keep,
fssnap_percentage, fssnap_devices, fssnap_abort_on_errors
This command has a few sub-commands to act on the filesystem
data of the host, mainly for removing languages/documentation
for minimal installs:
yum fs filters
yum fs filter languages en:es
yum fs filter documentation
yum fs refilter [package(s)]
yum fs refilter-cleanup [package(s)]
yum fs du [path]
yum fs status [path]
yum fs diff [path]
the first 3 being a simple interface to change yum.conf
altering the tsflags and override_install_langs
configurations. The refilter command is an optimized way of
calling "yum reinstall" to reinstall the packages with the new
filters applied. The refilter-cleanup command is needed
because rpm doesn't actually remove the files on reinstall, as
it should. And the du/status/diff commands are included so you
can easily see the space used/saved and any other changes.
Checks the local rpmdb and produces information on any
problems it finds. You can pass the check command the
arguments "dependencies", "duplicates", "obsoleted" or
"provides", to limit the checking that is performed (the
default is "all" which does all).
Produces help, either for all commands or if given a command
name then the help for that particular command.
GENERAL OPTIONS
Most command line options can be set using the configuration file as
well and the descriptions indicate the necessary configuration option
-h, --help
H display a help message and then quit.
-y, --assumeyes
A assume that the answer to any question which would
be asked is yes.
Configuration Option: assumeyes
--assumeno
A assume that the answer to any question which would
be asked is no. This option overrides assumeyes, but is still
subject to alwaysprompt.
Configuration Option: assumeno
-c, --config=[config file]
Specifies the config file location - can take HTTP and FTP
URLs and local file paths.
-q, --quiet
Run without output.
Note that you likely also want to use -y.
-v, --verbose
Run with a lot of debugging output.
-d, --debuglevel=[number]
Sets the debugging level to [number] - turns up or down the
amount of things that are printed. Practical range: 0 - 10
Configuration Option: debuglevel
-e, --errorlevel=[number]
Sets the error level to [number] Practical range 0 - 10. 0
means print only critical errors about which you must be told.
1 means print all errors, even ones that are not overly
important. 1+ means print more errors (if any) -e 0 is good
for cron jobs.
Configuration Option: errorlevel
--rpmverbosity=[name]
Sets the debug level to [name] for rpm scriptlets. 'info' is
the default, other options are: 'critical', 'emergency',
'error', 'warn' and 'debug'.
Configuration Option: rpmverbosity
-R, --randomwait=[time in minutes]
Sets the maximum amount of time yum will wait before
performing a command - it randomizes over the time.
-C, --cacheonly
Tells yum to run entire does not download
or update metadata.
When this is used by a non-root user, yum
will run entirely from user cache in $TMPDIR.
This option
doesn't stop yum from updating user cache from system cache
locally if the latter is newer (this is always done when
running as a user).
Reports the yum version number and installed package versions
for everything in history_record_packages (can be added to by
--showduplicates
Doesn't limit packages to their latest versions in the info,
list and search commands (will also affect plugins which use
the doPackageLists() API).
--installroot=root
Specifies an alternative installroot, relative to which all
packages will be installed. Think of this like doing "chroot
&root& yum" except using --installroot allows yum to work
before the chroot is created.
Note: You may also want to use
the option --releasever=/ when creating the installroot as
otherwise the $releasever value is taken from the rpmdb within
the installroot (and thus. will be empty, before creation).
Configuration Option: installroot
--enablerepo=repoidglob
Enables specific repositories by id or glob that have been
disabled in the configuration file using the enabled=0 option.
Configuration Option: enabled
--disablerepo=repoidglob
Disables specific repositories by id or glob.
Configuration Option: enabled
--obsoletes
This option only has affect for an update, it enables yum?s
obsoletes processing logic. For more information see the
update command above.
Configuration Option: obsoletes
-x, --exclude=package
Exclude a specific package by name or glob from all
repositories, so yum works as if that package was never in the
repositories.
This is commonly used so a package isn't
upgraded or installed accidentally, but can be used to remove
packages in any way that "yum list" will show packages.
Can be disabled using --disableexcludes.
Configuration
Option: exclude, includepkgs
--color=[always|auto|never]
Display colorized output automatically, depending on the
output terminal, always (using ANSI codes) or never. Note that
some commands (Eg. list and info) will do a little extra work
when color is enabled.
Configuration Option: color
--disableexcludes=[all|main|repoid]
Disable the excludes defined in your config files. Takes one
of three options:
all == disable all excludes
main == disable excludes defined in [main] in yum.conf
repoid == disable excludes defined for that repo
--disableincludes=[all|repoid]
Disable the includes defined in your config files. Takes one
of two options:
all == disable all includes
repoid == disable includes defined for that repo
--disableplugin=plugin
Run with one or more plugins disabled, the argument is a comma
separated list of wildcards to match against plugin names.
--noplugins
Run with all plugins disabled.
Configuration Option: plugins
--nogpgcheck
Run with GPG signature checking disabled.
Configuration Option: gpgcheck
--skip-broken
Resolve depsolve problems by removing packages that are
causing problems from the transaction.
Configuration Option: skip_broken
--releasever=version
Pretend the current release version is the given string. This
is very useful when combined with --installroot. You can also
use --releasever=/ to take the releasever information from
outside the installroot.
Note that with the default upstream
cachedir, of /var/cache/yum, using this option will corrupt
your cache (and you can use $releasever in your cachedir
configuration to stop this).
-t, --tolerant
This option makes yum go slower, checking for things that
shouldn't be possible making it more tolerant of external
--downloadonly
Don't update, just download. This is done in the background,
so the yum lock is released for other operations. This can
also be chosen by typing 'd'ownloadonly at the transaction
confirmation prompt.
--downloaddir=directory
Specifies an alternate directory to store packages.
--setopt=option=value
Set any config option in yum config or repo files. For options
in the global config just use: --setopt=option=value for repo
options use: --setopt=repoid.option=value
--security
This option includes packages that say they fix a security
issue, in updates.
--advisory=ADVS, --advisories=ADVS
This option includes in updates packages corresponding to the
advisory ID, Eg. FEDORA-.
This option includes in updates packages that say they fix a
Bugzilla ID, Eg. 123.
--cve=CVES
This option includes in updates packages that say they fix a
CVE - Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures ID
(), Eg. CVE-.
This option includes in updates packages that say they fix a
bugfix issue.
--sec-severity=SEVS, --secseverity=SEVS
This option includes in updates security relevant packages of
the specified severity.
LIST OPTIONS
The following are the ways which you can invoke yum in list mode.
Note that all list commands include information on the version of the
The format of the output of yum list is:
name.arch [epoch:]version-release
repo or @installed-from-
Note that if the repo cannot be determined, "installed" is
printed instead.
yum list [all | glob_exp1] [glob_exp2] [...]
List all available and installed packages.
yum list available [glob_exp1] [...]
List all packages in the yum repositories available to be
installed.
yum list updates [glob_exp1] [...]
List all packages with updates available in the yum
repositories.
yum list installed [glob_exp1] [...]
List the packages specified by args.
If an argument does not
match the name of an available package, it is assumed to be a
shell-style glob and any matches are printed.
yum list extras [glob_exp1] [...]
List the packages installed on the system that are not
available in any yum repository listed in the config file.
yum list distro-extras [glob_exp1] [...]
List the packages installed on the system that are not
available, by name, in any yum repository listed in the config
yum list obsoletes [glob_exp1] [...]
List the packages installed on the system that are obsoleted
by packages in any yum repository listed in the config file.
yum list recent
List packages recently added into the repositories. This is
often not helpful, but what you may really want to use is "yum
updateinfo list new" although that relies on updateinfo data
from the repos.
SPECIFYING PACKAGE NAMES
A package can be referred to for install, update, remove, list, info
etc with any of the following as well as globs of any of the
following:
name-ver-rel
name-ver-rel.arch
name-epoch:ver-rel.arch
epoch:name-ver-rel.arch
For example: yum remove kernel-2.4.1-10.i686
this will remove this specific kernel-ver-rel.arch.
yum list available 'foo*'
will list all available packages that match 'foo*'. (The
single quotes will keep your shell from expanding the globs.)
CLEAN OPTIONS
The following are the ways which you can invoke yum in clean mode.
Note that "all files" in the commands below means "all files in
currently enabled repositories".
If you want to also clean any
(temporarily) disabled repositories you need to use --enablerepo='*'
yum clean expire-cache
Eliminate the local data saying when the metadata and
mirrorlists were downloaded for each repo. This means yum will
revalidate the cache for each repo. next time it is used.
However if the cache is still valid, nothing significant was
yum clean packages
Eliminate any cached packages from the system.
packages are not automatically deleted after they are
downloaded.
yum clean headers
Eliminate all of the header files, which old versions of yum
used for dependency resolution.
yum clean metadata
Eliminate all of the files which yum uses to determine the
remote availability of packages. Using this option will force
yum to download all the metadata the next time it is run.
yum clean dbcache
Eliminate the sqlite cache used for faster access to metadata.
Using this option will force yum to download the sqlite
metadata the next time it is run, or recreate the sqlite
metadata if using an older repo.
yum clean rpmdb
Eliminate any cached data from the local rpmdb.
yum clean plugins
Tell any enabled plugins to eliminate their cached data.
yum clean all
Does all of the above.
To list all updates that are security relevant, and get a return code
on whether there are security updates use:
yum --security check-update
To upgrade packages that have security errata (upgrades to the latest
available package) use:
yum --security update
To upgrade packages that have security errata (upgrades to the last
security errata package) use:
yum --security update-minimal
To get a list of all BZs that are fixed for packages you have
installed use:
yum updateinfo list bugzillas
To get a list of all security advisories, including the ones you have
already installed use:
yum updateinfo list all security
To get the information on advisory FEDORA- use:
yum updateinfo info FEDORA-
For Red Hat advisories, respin suffixes are also accepted in the ID,
although they won't have any effect on the actual respin selected by
yum, as it will always select the latest one available.
For example,
if you use:
yum updateinfo info RHSA-
while RHSA- has been shipped already, yum will select the
latter (provided your updateinfo.xml is current).
The same would
happen if you just specified RHSA-.
That said, there's no
need for you to specify or care about the suffix at all.
To update packages to the latest version which contain fixes for
Bugzillas 123, 456 and 789; and all security updates use:
yum --bz 123 --bz 456 --bz 789 --security update
To update to the packages which just update Bugzillas 123, 456 and
789; and all security updates use:
yum --bz 123 --bz 456 --bz 789 --security update-minimal
To get an info list of the latest packages which contain fixes for
Bugzilla 123; CVEs CVE- and CVE-; and Fedora
advisories FEDORA- and FEDORA- use:
yum --bz 123 --cve CVE- --cve CVE-
--advisory FEDORA- --advisory FEDORA- info
To get a list of packages which are "new".
yum updateinfo list new
To get a summary of advisories you haven't installed yet use:
yum updateinfo summary
Yum can be extended through the use of plugins. A plugin is a Python
".py" file which is installed in one of the directories specified by
the pluginpath option in yum.conf. For a plugin to work, the
following conditions must be met:
1. The plugin module file must be installed in the plugin path as
just described.
2. The global plugins option in /etc/yum/yum.conf must be set to `1'.
3. A configuration file for the plugin must exist in
/etc/yum/pluginconf.d/&plugin_name&.conf and the enabled setting in
this file must set to `1'. The minimal content for such a
configuration file is:
enabled = 1
man page for more information on plugin related
configuration options.
/etc/yum/yum.conf
/etc/yum/version-groups.conf
/etc/yum/repos.d/
/etc/yum/pluginconf.d/
/var/cache/yum/
yum-complete-transaction(1)
yum-langpacks(1)
yum search yum
See the Authors file included with this program.
There of course aren't any bugs, but if you find any, you should
first consult the FAQ mentioned above and then email the mailing
list: yum@lists.baseurl.org or filed in bugzilla.
This page is part of the yum (Yum Package Manager) project.
Information about the project can be found at
If you have a bug report for this manual
page, send it to yum-devel@lists.baseurl.org.
This page was obtained
from the project's upstream Git repository
?git://yum.baseurl.org/yum.git? on .
(At that time, the
date of the most recent commit that was found in the repository was
If you discover any rendering problems in this HTML
version of the page, or you believe there is a better or more up-to-
date source for the page, or you have corrections or improvements to
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