的海词问答和网友补充：
相关词典网站：正确教育旗下网站
题号：669330试题类型：单选题 知识点：不定冠词,定冠词,零冠词&&更新日期：
I’m a writer and ___________ language is the tool of __________ trade.A. theB.不填; aC.不填; theD.a; a
难易度：容易
必须在注册登录后，才可以查看解析!
橡皮网学生APP下载
拍照搜题，秒出答案！
名校试题，天天更新，免费查看！
不定冠词的概念：
冠词是置于名词前，说明各词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词，它不能离开名词而单独存在。冠词有两种，一种是定冠词，一种是不定冠词。定冠词是the，不定冠词有两种形式，一是a，另一是an。不定冠词a用于辅音音素起首的单词前，an用于元音音素起首的单词前。如：a bike,& a dog,& an egg,& an elephant
不定冠词的特殊用法：
(1)用于序数词之前，表示数量或序数的增加： 如：Soon I saw a second plane.不久我又看到了另一架飞机。 &&&&&&& "This is the second time that I've read the book."&“这是我第二次看这本书。”&&&&&&&&& &"Do you want to read it a third time?"“你还想看第三次吗?” (2)用于表示“非常”、“很”等意义的most前： 如：This is a most interesting story. 这是一个非常有趣的故事。(3)用于物质名词前，使之转化为具体名词，表示“一种”、“一杯之量”等： 如：A coffee, please. 请给我来杯咖啡。&&&&&&&&&I'd like a tea, please. 我要来杯茶。 (4)用于抽象名词前，使之具体化，表示与该之相关的具体的人或事： 如：He was a success in business. 他事业成功。 &&&&&&& It's a pleasure to talk with you. 同你谈话是件令人愉快的事。 (5)用于指人的专有名词前，指某人、某人的作品或艺术品、…似(式)的人等： 如：A Mr Smith wants to see you. 一位名叫史密斯先生的人想见你。 &&&&&&& He bought a complete Lu Hsun. 他买了一套鲁迅全集。 &&&&&&& He thought he was a Zhu Geliang. 他自以为是诸葛亮。 (6)用于某些由动词转化来或具有动作意味的名词前，表示一次、一番等义(通常与have,take,make,give等动词连用)： 如：Let's go out for a walk. 我们出去走走吧。 如：Do you care for as moke? 抽烟吗?&&&&&&&& Would you like a drink? 要喝一杯吗?(7)有的不可数名词或本来带有定冠词the的名词，由于受定语的修饰，其前可用不定冠词，表示某种状态。此时的不定冠词含有类似akindof的意思： 如：have breakfast 吃早餐─have a quick breakfast 吃快餐 &&&&&&& the world 世界─a world like ours 像我们这样的世界 (8)构成短语表示数量： 如：a few apples 几个苹果&&&&&&& a little money 一点点钱 &&&&&&& a lot of time 许多时间&&&&&&& a great many friends 许多朋友
不定冠词与one的用法解析：
1、两者均可表示“一”的意思，有时可互换。如：About a[one] thousand students attended the meeting. 大约有1000学生参加了会议。注：在数字开头时，两者均可用；但若不是数字开头，则应用one，如不可说three thousand a hundred，而说three thousand one hundred&& 如：A [One]Mr Smith wants to see you. 一个名叫史密斯先生的人想见你。(a Mr...与one Mr...同义，也可说a certain Mr...，但如果没有Mr这样的词，两者则不宜随便互换，否则含意会发生变化。2、尽管两者均可表示“一”，有时也可换用，但毕竟由于两者的词性不同，用法不同，在多数情况下是不能互换的： (1)从词性上看：a(an)是不定冠词，主要表示类别，即着重表示其后的名词是某物，而不是其他物；而one表示“一(个)”时是数词，主要表示数量，即强调在数量上是一个，而不是两个或多个。比较：Give me a dictionary. 给我一本字典。&&&&&&&&&&& Give me one dictionary. 给我一本字典。前者强调的是，我要的是一本字典，而不是一本教材，也不是一本小说等；而后者强调的是，我要的是一本字典，而不是两本字典或多本字典)。再比较以下一组表达在意义上的区别：more than a year一年多 (如一年零三个月等) more than one year 不止一年 (如两年或三年等)(2)由于one是数词，着重数量意义，所以当要强调数量、进行数量对比或回答how many的提问时，均应用one，而不能用a(an)。如：He has only one pen, but I have two. 他只有一枝钢笔，但我有两枝。 &&&&&&& I want one box, not five. 我想要一个盒子，不是要五个。&&&&&&&& —How many friends do you have here? 你在这儿有多少个朋友？&&&&&&& —Only one.&&只有一个。 (3)在某些表达中，两者均可用，但含义不同：at a time 每次，同时&&& at one time 一度，曾经 as a man 就一个人的性格而论& as one man一起，同时，全体一致地在某些表达中，两者均可用，虽含义相同，但表达不同： on a hot summe rafternoon 一个炎热的夏日的下午(注意用介词on) one hot summer afternoon 一个炎热的夏日的下午(注意不用介词on)& an hour and a half一个半小时(通常不说one hour and a half) one and a half hours 一个半小时 a minute or two一两分钟(通常不说one minute or two) one or two minutes 一两分种在绝大多数习语中，两者是不能换用的。如：in a hurry 匆忙&&&& once up on a time 从前&&&& as a result& 结果&&&&& all of a sudden突然&& &oneday 一天&& one by one一个一个地&&&& one and all 全部，每个人&&&one and the same 完全相同的
英语不定冠词(a/an)的用法：
1、用a还是an：一般说来，辅音或半元音[j, w]开头的词要前用a。如：He has a computer (watch). 他有一台电脑(一块手表)。 &&&&&&& He's a university student (European). 他是大学生(欧洲人)。元音开头的词前要用an。如：This is an egg (hones tboy). 这是一只鸡蛋(诚实的男孩)。注意：有的字母(如a,e,f,h,i等) 或缩略词，若第一个音是元音也应用an。如：He missed an "n" in the word. 他写的这个单词漏了一个n。 2、不要从汉语习惯出发，漏掉必用的a/an。如：他父亲是著名诗人。误：His father is famous poet. 正：His father is a famous poet. 3、用于转化为普通名词的专有名词前，表示某某人或某某人的一部作品、艺术品等。如：A Mr Smith wants to see you. 一位叫史密斯先生的人想见你。 &&&&&&& He bought a complete Lu Hsun. 他买了一套鲁迅全集。 4、用于转化为普通名词的物质名词前，表示相应的产品或种类，有时表示数量关系。如：It’sagoodwine.这是(一种)好酒。 Twocoffeesandatea,please.请来两杯咖啡和一杯茶。 5、用于具体化的抽象名词前，表示与该抽象名词意义相关的人或事等。如：The party was a great success. 晚会开得非常成功。 &&&&&&& It's a pleasure to talk with you. 同你谈话是件愉快的事。 6、用于某些由动词转化来或具有动作意味的名词前，表示一次、一番等意义。如：Let me have a look. 让我看看吧。 &&&&&&& I'll give the car a good wash. 我要把车好好洗一洗。 7、用于序数词前表示数量或序数的增加。如：He bought a second computer. 他又买了一台(即第二台)电脑。 &&&&&&& Later she borne a third son. 后来她又生了第三个儿子。 8、有的不可数名词或本来应该带定冠词(the)的名词，由于受定语(尤其是形容词)的修饰，其前一般要用不定冠词或改用不定冠词，表示某种状态，此时的不定冠词通常含有a kind of的意思。如：have breakfast 吃早餐→have a quick breakfast 吃快餐 &&&&&&& the world 世界→a world like ours 像我们这样的世界注：有些不可数名词即使受形容词的修饰也不能用不定冠词，容易弄错的有：news(消息)，advice(忠告)，luck(运气)，fortune(运气)，work(工作)，fun(娱乐，有趣的事)，weather(天气)，homework(家庭作业)，housework(家务活)，information(情报)，behavior(行为)，harm(伤害)，damage(损害)，progress(进步)，furniture(家具)，baggage(行李)，luggage(行李)，poetry(诗)，scenery(风景)等。 9、两个单数可数名词连用表示一个整体时，只用一个不定冠词。如：He is a teacher and poet. 他既是老师又是诗人。 &&&&&&& There's a horse and cart on the road. 路上有一辆马车。 10、不定冠词可用来表示“类属”，这是其基本用法，它表明的是某一类属中的每一个人和东西都能说明该类属的整体情况(有类似汉语的“举一反三”或“以此类推”的含义)。此时也可用定冠词或名词复数形式来表示。如：马是有用的动物。正：A horse is a useful animal. 正：The horse is a useful animal. 正：Horses are useful animals. 若不是说明每一个人和东西的情况，而是说整个类属，则不能用不定冠词，而要用定冠词。如：The tiger is indanger of becoming extinct.老虎面临绝种的危险。 &&&&&&& Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.亚历山大·格雷汉母·贝尔于1876年发明了电话。
不定冠词知识体系：
使用不定冠词和不用不定冠词的差异：1、英语中的某些名词即可用作不可数名词，又可用作可数名词，但是含义不同，用法也不一样。如：iron 铁；an iron 一个熨斗&&&&&&& kindness 和善； a kindness 一件善事2、“with+抽象名词”使用时相当于副词，抽象名词前不用不定冠词。如：with pleasure& 乐意地&&&&&&& with kindness& 亲切地&&&&&&& with joy& 高兴地&&&&&&& with diffculty 吃力地&&&&&&& with angry&&&&生气地但在“with+a+名词”结构中虽有不定冠词，却没有实际意义。如：with a smile 微笑地&&&&&&& with an effort 努力地&&&&&&& with a light heart& 愉快地
因汉语习惯用错不定冠词的几种情形：(1)单数可数名词若泛指，其前需加a/an，不要按汉语习惯漏掉此不定冠词：如：他是著名影星。正：Heisafamousfilmstar. 误：Heisfamousfilmstar. (2)不定冠词不能与指示代词、物主代词、所有格等连用：如：我在公园遇到了我的一位朋友。正：Imetafriendofmineinthepark. 误：Imetmyafriendinthepark. (3)不要受汉语影响而用错不定冠词位置：如：我从未读过如此有趣的书。正：Ihaveneverreadsuchaninterestingbook. 误：Ihaveneverreadasuchinterestingbook. 误：Ihaveneverreadasointerestingbook.
不定冠词的省略与重复： (1)在不引起误会的情况下，两个并列名词中的后一个名词前的不定冠词可以省略：如：The noun is the name of a person or thing. 名词是人和物的名称。 (2)当两个并列名词指的是同一个人时，后一名词前的不定冠词通常省略： 如：His father is a teacher and poet. 他父亲是位教师兼诗人。 但如果要强调这两种身份，也可后一个不定冠词：His father is a teacher and a poet. 他父亲既是教师，又是诗人。 有时，由于两个并列的名词关系比较紧密、被视为一个整体，也可只用一个冠词：A man and woman are walking arm-in-arm.一对男女手挽着手走着。 (3)两个形容词并列同时修饰一个名词时，若该名词指的是两个事物，则通常应分别使用两个冠词： 如：We have a black and a white cat. 我们养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。(比较：We have a black and white cat. 我们养了一只黑白花猫。) 但是，有时两个并列的名词只一个事物，为了加强语气，也有了两个冠词：如：It was a cold and a dark night. 那是一个又冷又黑的夜晚。 (4)有些由两样东西构成的“自然成对”使用的事物，通常只在其前使用一个冠词： 如：a knife and fork一副刀叉& &&&&&&& a cup and saucer 一副茶杯与茶托 &&&&&&& a horse and cart 一辆马车&&&&&&& a needle and thread 一根带线的针 &&&&&&& hire a car and driver 租一辆配有司机的汽车有时连第一个冠词也省略(尤其是与介词连用时)：如：with knife and fork 用刀叉(5)当要对两个并列的名词进行选择和比较方面的强调时，通常应重复两个冠词： 如：Give me a pen, not a pencil. 给我一支钢笔，不是铅笔。 &&&&&&& Do you want a novel or a dictionary? 你是想要本小说，还是想要本字典？
定冠词的定义：
定冠词the 有this，that，these，those等意义，但较弱，用于单数或复数名词前，主要用来特指，使一个或几个事物区别于所有其他同名的事物。定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前，但放在both、all、double、half、twice等词之后。如：All the students in the class went out.班里所有的学生都出去了。
定冠词的用法：
1、表示特指： 如：Look! A car has stopped there. The car is beautiful.&&瞧，有辆汽车在那儿停下了。那辆汽车可真漂亮。&&&&&&&Why not ask the teacher? 为什么不问问老师?2、与单数可数名词连用表类别： 如：I hate the telephone. 我讨厌电话。&&&&&&&&The cobra is dangerous. 眼镜蛇是危险的。3、与某些形容词连用表示类别： 如：The rich are not always happier than the poor. 富人并不总是比穷人过得开心。 Theoldaremorelikelytocatchcoldthantheyoung.老年人比年轻人容易感冒。 4、用于独一无二的事物名词前： 如：The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 &&&&&&& The sky was blue and clear. 天空清澈湛蓝。 5、用于方向或方位等名词前： 如：He looked towards the east. 他朝东望。 &&&&&&& Turn to the right at the second crossing. 在第二十字路口向右拐。 6、用于序数词或形容词的最高级前： 如：You will be the second to speak. 你第二个发言。 &&&&&&& Autumn is the best season here. 秋季是这里最好的季节。 7、用于乐器名词前表示演奏： 如：He plays the piano very well. 他的钢琴弹得很好。注：若不是从演奏角度来考虑，而是考虑乐器的实体，则不一定用定冠词：He bought a piano for his son. 他为儿子买了部钢琴。
定冠词与不定冠词互换用法比较：
1、在形容词最高级前一般加定冠词。但有时却用不定冠词，这时它不表示“最”的意思，而表示“非常”“很”的意思。如：This is the most important question of all. 这是所有问题中最重要的一个。&&&&&&& This is a most important question.& 这时一个非常重要的问题。2、在序数词前加定冠词，表示“第几”；加不定冠词则表示“又”“再”。如：Will you be the firse to read the text? 你第一个读课文好吗？&&&&&&&& Will you have a second try? 你再试一次好吗？3、在有些短语中，用定冠词和不定冠词一样。如：The number of our school students is about 1500. 我校学生人数约为1500人。
定冠词的用法口诀：
特指双熟悉，上文已提及；世上独无二，序数最高级；某些专有名，习语及乐器。 以上口诀归纳了用定冠词的一般情况，即： ①特指某些人或物　　 ②谈话双方都熟悉的人或事　　 ③上文已经提到的人或事　　 ④世界上独一无二的事物前　　 ⑤序数词回形容词最高级前　　 ⑥某些专有名词前　　 ⑦一些习惯短语（如：intheday等）中和乐器前（如：playtheviolin/piano）。
定冠词知识体系：
定冠词用法拓展：
1、用于姓氏的复数前，表示全家人或全家中两个或两个以上的人： 如：The Browns live next to us. 布朗一家就住在我们隔壁。 &&&&&&& The Greens have no Children. 格林夫妇没有小孩。 2、用来代替前面已提到的人的身体部位或衣着等的一部分： 如：He hit me in the face. 他打我的脸。 &&&&&&& He caught the thief by the collar. 他抓住小偷的衣领。 3、用于逢整十数词的复数名词前，指世纪中的年代或人的约略年岁： 如：He began to learn French in his fifties. 他五十多岁开始学习法语。 &&&&&&& He went to Japan with his family in the sixties. 他在60年代带家人去了日本。 4、用于某些单数可数名词前，使意义抽象化，指其属性或功能等： 如：This colour is pleasant to the eye. 这颜色悦目。 &&&&&&& He is fond of the bottle. 他喜欢喝酒。 5、表示计算单位，含有a, each, per 之类的意义： 如：He is paid by the hour (piece). 他拿计时(件)工资。 &&&&&&& It sells at two dollars the pound. 这东西每磅卖两美元。 6、用于人名前，或特指、或比喻、或指其作品等；用于某些产品的名称前，指产品： 如：He likes the Picasso. 他喜欢毕加索的画。 &&&&&&& Lu Xun has been known as the Gorky of China. 鲁迅人称中国的高尔基。 7、用于江、(运)河、海、洋以及山脉、群岛、半岛、海岛、海峡、沙漠等名称的前： 如：the Chang jiang River 长江&& &&&&&&& the Pacific(Ocean) 太平洋&&&&&&& &the Suez(Canal) 苏伊士运河①关于湖名前是否用冠词通常要分两种情况：中国的湖名在英译时，其前通常加定冠词：the West Lake 西湖，the Dong ting Lake洞庭湖。而外国的湖名前，多数不加定冠词，少数加定冠词，视习惯而定：Lake Success 成功湖，the Lake of Geneva日内瓦湖& ②山名的构成有两种方式：若用于“山名＋Mountains”，其前常用定冠词：the Jing gang Mountains 井冈山；若用于“Mount/Mt＋山名”，则通常不用冠词：Mount Tai 泰山。另外，若不出现mountain一词时，则通常要用冠词：theAlps阿尔卑斯山。8、用于由普通名词或含有普通名词构成的专有名词 (如国名、地名、政党、团体、组织机构以及旅馆、商店、学校、医院、文娱场所、建筑物等)前： 如：the United Nations 联合国&& &&&&&&& the People's Republic of China& 中华人民共和国&&&&&&&&& &the National People's Congress 全国人民代表大会注：大学名称的构成要注意以下情况： ①对于以地名命名的大学,通常有两种形式 (注意冠词的有无)： 如：the University of London / London University& 伦敦大学 ②对于以人名命名的大学，通常只有一种表达(不用冠词)： 如：Yale University 耶鲁大学&&&&&&&&&&Brown University& 布朗大学
零冠词的概念：
名词前没有定冠词、不定冠词、或任何限定词的现象。
零冠词的用法：
零冠词是指名词前面没有不定冠词、定冠词，也没有其他限定词的现象，零冠词的用法如下：1、表示抽象概括意义时，不可数名词和复数名词使用零冠词：例：Books are my best friends. 书是我的好朋友。&&&&&&& Water boils at 100℃. 水在摄氏100度沸腾。比较：The water in this river is undrinkable. 这条河的水不可饮用。 2、专有名词通常使用零冠词：例：Lu Xun is a great Chinese writer. 鲁迅是一位伟大的中国作家。 &&&&&&& London is the capital of England. 伦敦是英国的首都。 &&&&&& China is a developing socialist country. 中国是一个发展中的社会主义国家。 3、按照习惯下列各类名词使用零冠词： 1）季节、月份、星期以及节假日等名词：例：Summer begins in June in this part of the country. 这个地区夏天从六月份开始。 &&&&&&& We have no classes on Sunday. 星期日我们不上课。 &&&&&&& There are a lot of people shopping at Christmas. 在圣诞节有很多人购买东西。2）三餐饭菜的名词：例：have supper 吃晚饭 &&&&&&& come to dinner 去吃饭 3）语言、运动、游戏等名词：例：She speaks Chinese. 她说汉语。 &&&&&&& He plays football. 他踢足球。 &&&&&&& Let's have a game of chess. 咱俩下盘棋吧。4）在某些意义有改变的名词前要使用零冠词：例：He has gone to school. (tolearn) 他去上学了。 &&&&&&& They are in church just now. (to worship) 现在他们在做礼拜。同样，in hospital是“住院（治疗）”，in prison是“服刑”，等等。注意：如果在这类名词前加冠词，则表示去那里干与之无关的事：例：go to the school 可理解为去学校看望人，而不是“学习”。 4、在表示职位、头衔、身份等名词前：例：Professor Wang 王教授 &&&&&&& Doctor Tompson 汤普生医生 &&&&&&& President Lincoln 林肯总统 &&&&&&& Dean of the English Department 英语系主任
零冠词的特殊用法：
1、用于物质名词前。物质名词表示泛指或一般概念时，通常用零冠词： 如：Water boils at 100℃. 水在摄氏100度沸腾。 &&&&&&& Blood is thicker than water. 水浓于水(即亲人总比外人亲)。表示泛指或一般概念的物质名词前，即使有一描绘性修饰语，仍用零冠词： 如：Don't eat rotten food. 不要吃腐烂的食物。注：(1)若特指，物质名词前可用定冠词： 如：Is the water in the well fit to drink? 这井里的水能喝吗?&&&&&&&&&(2)表示一种、一杯、一场、一阵、一份等这样的概念时，可用不定冠词： 如：This is a very good wine. 这是一种很好的酒。 &&&&&&& A coffee, please. 请给我来杯咖啡。 &&&&&&& It was very cold and a heavy snow was falling. 当时天气很冷，正在下大雪。 2、用于抽象名词前。抽象名词表示泛指或一般概念时，通常用零冠词： 如：Do you like music? 你喜欢音乐吗? &&&&&&& Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。表示泛指或一般概念的抽象名词前，即使有一描绘性修饰语，仍用零冠词： 如：I like light music very much. 我非常喜欢轻音乐。注：(1)若特指，抽象名词前可用定冠词： 如：I like the music of Mozart. 我喜欢莫扎特的曲子。 &&&&&&& (2)若表示一种、一类、一方面、那种、这种等这之类的概念时，可用不定冠词： 如：He lives a happy life. 他过着幸福的生活。 &&&&&&& Physics is a science. 物理是一门科学。 &&&&&&& (3)表示动作的一次、一例、一番等时，可用不定冠词： 如：Let me have a look. 让我看一看。 &&&&&& (4)表示与抽象名词意义相关的具体的人或事，可用不定冠词： 如：The book is a delight to read. 这书读来很有趣。 3、用于专有名词前。在通常情况下，专有名词前用零冠词： 如：Smith lives in London. 史密斯住在伦敦。注：若特指，专有名词前有时也可用定冠词： 如：The Smith you're looking for no longer lives here. 你找的那个史密斯不住这儿了。& 4、用于复数名词前。复数名词表示类别时，通常用零冠词： 如：Teachers should be respected. 教师应该受到尊重。泛指不定量的人或物，也用零冠词： 如：We are students of ClassFive. 我们是五班的学生。注：若特指，复数名词前应用定冠词： 如：The teachers should attend the meeting 教师应参加会议。 5、用于单数可数名词前。单数可数名词前用零冠词，主要有以下情况： (1)用于表示家庭成员或nurse, cook, teacher等名词前： 如：Mother is not at home.妈妈不在家。 &&&&&&& Ask nurse to put the child to bed& 叫保姆孩子抱到床上去睡觉。 &&&&&&& Teacher was satisfied with our work. 老师对我们的工作很满意。 (2)用于动词turn(变成)，go(变成)后作表语的名词通常用零冠词： 如：He was a teacher before he turned writer. 他在成为作家之前是教师。&&&&&&& He has gone socialist. 他成了社会主义者。 (3)在让步状语从句的倒装句式中，单数可数名词通常用零冠词： 如：Child as he is, he knows a lot. 他虽然是个孩子，但已经很懂事了。 &&&&&&& Teacher though he is, he can't knowe verything. 他虽然是老师，但也不可能什么都懂。 (4)单数可数名词用作呼语，通常用零冠词： 如：How is she, doctor? 医生，她怎么样? &&&&&&& Can you drive me to the station, driver? 司机，请送我去车站，好吗?(5)在某些独立结构中通常用零冠词： 如：The teacher came in, book in hand. 老师走进教室，手里拿着书。 &&&&&&& He was sitting in the chair, pipe in mouth. 他坐在椅子里，嘴里叼着烟斗。 (6)在“kind[sort]of＋名词”这一结构中，名词通常用零冠词： 如：This kind of book is very interesting. 这种书很有趣。 &&&&&&& He is the sort of person I really dislike. 他这种人我真不喜欢。注：注意以下两句在含义上的差别：&& && Whatkindofcarisit?这是什么牌子的车? &&&&& Whatkindofacarisit?这种车质量如何? (7)当单数可数名词含义抽象化具有形容词意味时，通常用零冠词： 如：The man was more animal than man. 那个人与其说是人，不如说是畜生。&&&&&&&&&I was fool enough to accep this offer. 我接受他的提议真是太傻了。 &&&&&& Are you man enough for this dangerous job? 你有勇气敢做这项危险的工作吗?
零冠词用法口诀：
下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前；专有名词不可数，学科球类三餐饭；复数名词表泛指，两节星期月份前；颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。 以上口诀主要概括了一般应“免冠”的几种情况，即： ①名词前已有作定语用的this、that、some、any、my等限定词。 ②专有名词和不可数名词前。 ③表示学科的（如：maths、Chinese、physics）名词前。 ④球类活动的名词前及三餐总称前。 ⑤复数名词表示泛指（一类人或事）时。 ⑥节日、季节、星期、月份前。 ⑦表示颜色（如：It's red/yellow.）、语种（如：speak English/Japanese）和国家的非全称名词（如：We live in China. They come from America.）。 ⑧在称呼或表示头衔的名词前。 ⑨某些习惯短语中（如：inbed、go to school 等）。
零冠词知识体系：
零冠词用法拓展：
(1)节假日、星期、月份、季节等通常用零冠词： 如：We had a good time on Christmas Day. 我们在圣诞节过得很愉快。 &&&&&&& Monday comes before Tuesday. 星期二在星期一之后。 &&&&&&& He was born in September, 1988. 他出生在1988年9月。注：①我国用Festival构成的传统节日通常用定冠词：如：the Spring Festival春节&&&&&&& the Mid-autumn Festival [theMoonFestival]中秋节&&&&&&&&&②若表示特指或心目中的专指，星期、月份、季节等名词前可用定冠词：&&如：He went abroad in the September of 1988. 他于1988年9月出国。&&&&&&&& &He came on the Sunday and went away on the Monday. 他星期日来，星期一就走了。 &&&&&&& ③表示“某一个”或受描绘性定语修饰表示“某种”这样的意义时，节日、星期、月份、季节等名词也可用不定冠词：&如：My birthday happened to be on a Saturday. 我的生日碰巧是星期六。&&&&&&&&&She came round to see me on a sunny Sunday. 她在一晴朗的星期日来看了我。&&&&&&&&&We had a nice Christmas. 我们过了一个愉快的圣诞节。 &&&&&&& ④当季节名词不强调时间而强调季节的内涵时，通常用 the：&如：Winter is coming. 冬天要来了。(单纯指冬天的时间)&&&&&&&&The winter is coming. 冬天要来了。(暗示寒冷) (2)某些表示自然界时间变化现象的名词，与某些介词(如at, after, before, till, until, towards, from等) 构成短语时，通常用零冠词： &如：at day-break 在天亮时&&&&&&&& before&dawn 在天亮前 &&&&&&& &at dusk 在黄昏时&&&&&&& &after sunset 在日落后 &&&&&&&& after sunrise 在日出前&&&&&&&& until sundown 直到日落 &&&&&&& &towards dark 天快黑时&&&&&&&& at midnight 在半夜 &&&&&&& &from dawn till dusk 从早到晚当day, night, evening, morning, afternoon 等表示抽象的时间概念时，通常用零冠词： 如：Night fell. 天黑了。 &&&&&&& Evening came on. 夜幕来临。 &&&&&&& It was late afternoon before he reached home. 傍晚时候他才到家。 (3)球类、三餐、茶点等名词前，通常用零冠词： 如：We play basketball in the afternoon. 我们下午打篮球。 &&&&&&& What do you have for breakfast? 你早餐吃什么? &&&&&&& They were at tea when I called. 我来访时他们正在喝茶(吃茶点)。注：①球类名词若不是作为一项体育活动看待，而是作为一个实实在在的东西来看待，则可以用冠词： 如：The basketball is mine. 这个篮球是我的。 &&&&&&& He bought a basketball. 他买了一个蓝球。 &&&&&&& ②三餐饭被特指可用定冠词，若受形容词修饰且非特指，可用不定冠词： 如：The supper she cooked was delicious. 她做的晚餐很可口。 &&&&&&& We had a good lunch at Uncle's. 我们在叔叔家吃了顿丰盛的午餐。 (4)当名词后接有数词表示顺序时，名词前通常用零冠词： 如：Lesson10 is more interesting than Lesson11. 第10课比第11课更有趣。 &&&&&&& There's a picture of a ship on page15. 在第15页有张一艘船的照片。(5)公园、广场、学校、语言等名词前通常用零冠词： 如：Hyde Park 海德公园&&&&&&& Central Park(纽约) 中内公园 &&&&&&& Zhong shan Park中山公园&&&&&&& Tian AnMen Square天安门广场 &&&&&&& speak English 说英语&&&&&&& Beijing University 北京大学注：当语言名词表特指意义或指某一语言中的对应词时，通常用定冠词： 如：the English spoken in America and Canada 在美国和加拿大讲的英语 &&&&&& What's the English for this? 这个东西用英语怎么说? 另外，在语言名词后加上language一词时，也要用冠词：the English language。 (6)表示学习、生活、娱乐等的单数名词，若表示相关的活动时，通常用零冠词： 如：go to school (bed, church, town, class, college, etc)去上学 (睡觉，做礼拜，进城，上课，上大学，等) &&&&&&& in bed (school, class, college, church, prison, hospital,etc) 在睡觉 (上学，上课，上大学，做礼拜，坐牢，住院，等) &&&&&&& be sent to hospital (prison) 被送往医院住院或治疗(关进监狱) &&&&&&& School is over at twelve. 12点放学。注：①若不是指活动，而是指具体的实物，则要用冠词。比较： 如：go to the bed到床边去 (侧重指“床”这个实体) &&&&&&& go to bed 上床睡觉(侧重指与“床”有关的活动，即睡觉)&&&&&&& be in the school 在这所学校里 (侧重指“学校”这个地点)&&&&&&& be in school 在上学(侧重指与“学校”有关的活动，即读书) &&&&&&& ②但是cinema, theatre是例外，它们表示相关活动时，其前要用定冠词：如：He often goes to the cinema (theatre). 他经常去看电影(看戏)。 &&&&&&& I prefer the cinema to the theatre. 我喜欢看电影，不喜欢看戏。 ③有时定冠词和零冠词的选择与英美英语的不同习惯有关： 如：in hosptital (英) 住院&&&&&&& in the hospital (美) 住院 &&&&&&& go to university (英)上大学&&&&&&& go to the university (美)上大学 &&&&&&& at table (英)在吃饭&&&&&&& at the table(美)在吃饭 (7)某些用介词by构成的方式的短语通常用零冠词： ①表示乘坐交通工具： 如：by bus 乘公共汽车&&&&&&& by bike(bicycle) 骑自行车 &&&&&&& by plane/byair乘飞机&&&&&&& by ship(boat) 坐船 &&&&&&& by land 走陆路&&&&&&& by sea 从海路 ②表示用通讯或通信等方式： 如：by phone 用电话&&&&&&& by telegram 用电报 &&&&&&& by letter 用信件&&&&&&& by post 用邮寄 &&&&&&& by radio 用无线电&&&&&&& by hand 用手工 (8)表示正式的或独一无二的头衔或职位等，在用作宾语、表语、补语或同位语时，通常用零冠词： 如：John is captain of the team. 约翰是足球队的队长。 &&&&&&& He is head of the foreign languages department. 他是外语系主任。注：尽管有时也有用定冠词的现象，但以零冠词为普通。 (9)单数可数名词紧密联系的平行结构，通常用零冠词： 如：They are brother and sister. 他们是兄妹。 &&&&&&& Please pass me pencil and paper. 请把纸笔递给我。 &&&&&&& Boy and girl came up to me together. 一个男孩和女孩一起向我走来。 (10)有些短语用零冠词和定冠词均可，只是含义不同： 如：out of question 毫无疑问&&&&&&& out of the question 不可能，不值得考虑的 &&&&&&& keep house 料理家务&&&&&&& keep the house 呆在家里不外出 &&&&&&& in charge of 负责，管理，主管&&&&&&& in the charge of 在…的管理(负责)之下 (11)许多习语用零冠词： 如：catch fire 着火&&&&&&& give way 让路&&&&&&& lose heart 灰心 &&&&&&& move hosue 搬家&&&&&&& send word 捎信&&&&&&&&take place 发生 &&&&&&& by chance 偶然&&&&&&& catch sight of 看见&&&&&&& make use of 利用
相关试题推荐
1、 Have you ever noticed the colour of the water in a river or stream after a heavy rainfall? What do you think caused this change in colour? It is soil that has been washed into the river from the riverbank or from t}le nearby fields．Components of SoftSoil is made up of a number of layers（层），each having its own distinctive colour and texture．The upper layer is known as the litter．It acts like a blanket．limiting temperature changes and reducing water loss．The topsoil layer is made up of small particles of rock mixed with rotten plant and animal matter called humus（腐殖质），which is black and gives the topsoil its dark colour．This layer is usually rich in nutrients，oxygen，and water．Below the topsoil is the subsoil，a layer that contains more stones mixed with only small amounts of organic matter．This layer is lighter in colour because of the lack of humus．Beneath the soil lies a layer of bedrock．Soil forms from the bottom up．Over time bedrock is attacked by rain, wind，frost, and snow．It is gradually broken down into smaller particles in a process called weathering．Plants begin to grow，and rotten materials enrich the topsoil．Most of the soil in Eastern Canada．for example．Was formed from weathered rock that was exposed when the ice disappeared l2.000 years ag0．Water Beneath the SoilSurface water collects and flows above the ground in lakes．ponds．and rivers．Once in the soil or rock，it is called groundwater．Gravity pulls groundwater through the soil in a process called percolation（渗透）．Eventually the water reaches a layer called the water table．Under this is bedrock through which water cannot percolate．As water percolates downward，it dissolves organic matter and minerals from the soil and carries them to deeper layers．This causes a serious problem because plants require these nutrients for growth.Soil pHSoil can be acidic．neutral．or basic．The pH of the soil is determined by the nature of the rockfrom which it was formed．and by the nature of t}le plants that grow and rot in it．The acidity of rain and snow can lower the pH of the groundwater that enters the soil．By burning fossil fuels such as coal，oil and gasoline，humans have been contributing to higher levels of acidity in many soils．When fossil fuels are burned．gases are released into the air and then fall back to earth as acid rain．Acid soil increases出e problem of carrying nutrients to lower soil levels．As nutrients are removed，soil is less fertile．Plants grow more slowly in acidic soil，and also become easily attacked by diseases．1、The layer of soil that provides necessary nutrients for plant growth is called．A．1itterB．topsoilC．humusD．subsoil2、According to the text．which of the following is NOT true?A．Soil forms from weathered rock on the earth surface．B．The deeper layer of soil is darker in colour than t}le surface soil．C．Air pollution is partially responsible for acid soil．D．Groundwater tends to carry away nutrients for plant growth．3、We can infer from the passage that the water table lies ．A．between the topsoil layer and the subsoil layerB．in the subsoil layer above bedrockC．between the subsoil layer and bedrockD．in the bedrock layer beneath the subsoil4、The underlined word “dissolve” is used to express the idea that organic matter and minerals from soil are ．A．rushed away into the riverB．cleaned and purified by waterC．destroyed and carried away by waterD．mixed with water and become part of it
2、 When Jackie Robinson walked onto Ebbets Field in Brooklyn, New York, on April 15, 1947, he changed baseball forever. As the first African American to play in the Major League in modern times, many believe he changed the country forever.Robinson was born in 1919. He lived in a time when rules controlled what African Americans could do. He was a top athlete, playing football, basketball and baseball. But playing for a major League team was off limits to Robinson because of his race. Branch Rickey, president and manager of the Brooklyn Dodgers, signed (和……签约) Robinson in 1947. He believed that Robinson not only had the skills, but the courage to face the challenge of becoming modern baseball’s first black player.It wasn’t easy. Robinson sometimes faced boos (嘘声) from fans. But he became a star, anyway. In 1962, he became the first African-American player chosen to enter the Baseball Hall of Fame. In 2005, he was awarded a Congressional Gold Medal, the highest award Congress can give to an American.By breaking baseball’s color barrier (肤色障碍), Robinson opened the door for many to follow his footsteps, not only in baseball, but in other areas of life as well. After he stopped playing the game, Robinson worked as a manager for a coffee company. He wrote a newspaper column (专栏). He also
started a bank. 1、Before Jackie Robinson, no African-American players could __________.A．play baseballB．play in the Major LeagueC．play football and basketballD．watch Major League games2、According to Branch Rickey, Jackie Robinson was __________.A．poor but cleverB．unlucky but confidentC．proud and strongD．brave and skilled3、We can know that Jackie Robinson’s story __________.A．changed many Africans’ ideasB．had an effect on many black people’s livesC．encouraged black people to fight with whitesD．started a hot discussion about the color barrier4、Which of the following is NOT what he once did?A．a newspaper column writerB．a bankerC．a university teacherD．a manager in a company
3、 Pingyao, in the center of Shanxi Province, is a famous historic cultural city of China and a world cultural heritage site (世界文化遗址). It’s 90 kilometers south of Taiyuan on the Fen River.People lived in Pingyao during the New Stone Age. Its long period as a country government seat has left Pingyao with lots of historic buildings and sites, with a 2,700-year history. Ninety-nine of them are under government protection, including Zhengguo Temple, Shuanglin Temple and Pingyao Ancient City.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, businessmen organized commercial (商业的) groups that did business nationwide. Shanxi Province had some of the most important ones and Pingyao was their center. In 1823, a store, known as Rishengchang(Sunrise Prosperity), traded in bank checks rather than in silver or gold coins. It was the beginning of modern Chinese banking. Branch banks were soon set up in major cities in China and other parts of Asia, leading to great development in Pingyao. Its Lacquer ware (漆器) became well known.In Pingyao Ancient City are many traditional houses and commercial buildings, 3,797 of which are protected and more than 400 of which are in good condition. Not only do the houses in Pingyao show Shanxi’s history and culture, but this large number is valuable for studying its history, customs, and ancient buildings and art. Most of these houses are still used as homes and shops of local people.In 1997, Ancient Pingyao City was listed in World Heritage List as “ World Culture Heritage Site”. 1、What does the underlined word “them”(in the 2nd paragraph) refer to?A．Historic buildings and sites.B．The three temples.C．The country government seats.D．The 2,700-year history.2、Which of the following about Pingyao is NOT mentioned in the passage?A．Its location (位置).B．Its tourism.C．Its business.D．Its history.3、During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Pingyao was a leading center in __________.A．agricultureB．raising cattleC．commercial tradeD．making gold coins4、If you want to know about the history of banking in China, you’ll visit __________.A．Sunrise ProsperityB．Zhengguo TempleC．A lacquer ware storeD．A commercial house
4、 — you like the car so much，why not drive it back?? —Well，I can’t afford ________ car.?A．Sso big a ?B．If;such big a?C．Wso a big?D．Sthat a big?
5、 At the street corner, anyone who is seen carrying a bag, a box, or &___________, is stopped by the police.A．what it is B．whatever it isC．what there isD．whatever there is
6、 －What field will you son go into after graduation from the university?－I’m not quite certain, but he __________- a good software programmer.A．promisesB．becomesC．makesD．proves
7、 – Did you visit the temple?-- No. We ______ it, but we spent too much time shopping.A．could have visitedB．can’t have visited C．needn’t have visitedD．should visit
8、 There is an old saying in English： "Laughter is the best medicine". Until recently, few people took the saying very seriously. Now, however, doctors have begun to investigate laughter and the effects it has on the human body. They have found evidence that laughter really can improve people's health.Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body. People watched funny films, while doctors checked their heart rate, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was found that laughter has similar effects to physical exercise. It increases blood pressure, the heart rate and the rate of breathing； it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and even the feet. If laughter exercises the body, it must be beneficial.Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be capable of reducing the effect of pain on the body. In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programs. The group which tolerated the pain for the longest time was 'the group which listened to a funny program. The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce endorphins （内啡肽） in the brain. These are natural chemicals which diminish both stress and pain.There is also some evidence to suggest that laughter helps the body's immune(免疫的)system, that is, the system which fights infection. In an experiment, one group of students watched a funny video while another group served as the control group - in other words, a group with which to compare the first group. Doctors checked the blood of the students in both groups and found that the people in the group that watched the video had an increase in the activity of their white blood cells, that is, the cells which fight infection.As a result of these discoveries, some doctors and psychiatrists （精神病学家） in the United States now hold laughter clinics, in which they try to improve their patients' condition by encouraging them to laugh. They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter.1、 We learn from the first paragraph that laughter____________________. A．is good for one's healthB．is related to some illnessC．has been investigated long sinceD．has no effect on the body2、Doctors have found that laughter_______________________. A．keeps down blood pressure.B．has similar effects to physical exerciseC．decreases the heart rateD．increases stress3、Which of the following statements is NOT true of laughter, according to the passage?A．It reduces pain. B．It exercises the body. C．It improves the body's immune system. D．It can cure cancer.4、The writer's attitude towards laughter is__________. A．criticalB．doubtfulC．positiveD．negative
9、 Reduce, reuse, and recycle. This familiar environmentalist slogan tells us how to reduce the amount of rubbish that ends up in landfills and waterways. The concept is being used to deal with one possibly dangerous form of waste — electronic junk (电子垃圾), such as old computers, cell phones, and televisions. But this process for managing e-waste may be used in an unscrupulous way more often than not used, a recent report suggests.“A lot of these materials are being sent to developing nations under the excuse of reuse — to bridge the digital divide,” said Richard Gutierrez, a policy researcher.One of the problems is that no one proves whether these old machines work before they hit the seaways. Because of this, the report says, e-waste is a growing problem in Lagos, Nigeria, and elsewhere in the developing world. Much of the waste ends up being thrown away along rivers and roads. Often it’s picked apart by poor people, who may face dangerous exposure to poisonous chemicals in the equipment.Businessmen also pay workers a little money to get back materials such as gold and copper. This low-tech recovery process could expose workers and the local environment to many dangerous materials used to build electronics. According to Gutierrez, this shadow economy exists because the excuse of recycling and reusing electronics gives businessmen “a green passport” to ship waste around the globe. “Developing nations must take upon some of the responsibility themselves,” Gutierrez said. But, he added, “A greater portion of this responsibility should fall on the exporting state.”China, for example, has become a dumping place for large amounts of e-waste. The nation is beginning to take action to stop the flow of dangerous materials across its borders. The Chinese government, after many years of denial is finally beginning to take the lead.1、 The passage mainly tells us that _______.A．developing countries are facing serious environmental problemsB．e-waste is sent to developing countries under the excuse of reuseC．developing countries are making full use of e-wasteD．e-waste is a growing problem in developed countries2、What does the third paragraph mainly discuss?A．A lot of e-waste is dumped in developing countries.B．Poor people break up e-waste to collect some valuable materials. C．The problem of e-waste is growing in developing countries.D．Old computers and TVs still work before they are sent abroad.3、The underlined word “unscrupulous” in Paragraph 1 probably means “________”.A．immoralB．wrongC．proudD．unsafe4、From what Gutierrez said we can learn that ________.A．developing countries should be responsible for this problemB．exporting countries should be mainly responsible for this problemC．neither rich nor poor countries should be blamed for this problemD．poor countries should be blamed for this problem
10、 Preparing for the Next Job MarketThe latest spike in the unemployment rate is being felt across the board ?in 98 percent of metropolitan areas, in high-wage and low-wage jobs, among young and old, women and men, but especially men．This landscape means that young Americans who are trying to plan their futures right now have some hard choices．Do they go to college and take on debt without hope of getting a job? And what about high school students? Do they have any chance of securing a job without a college degree? Perhaps the education system needs to react to this rapidly moving economic crisis．In our current economic collapse, the connection between education and employment could not be more different than it was during the Depression．Education must now hold center stage, not because of an enemy abroad but because of the global economy．The jobs of the future will demand levels of education, particularly skills in mathematics, technology and science, which exceed those now taught in high school．A healthy society should strive for full employment．In our times, that goal cannot be realized, or even approximated by creating jobs for the unskilled．The long-term prospect for economic recovery depends on the extent to which we improve our educational system．And this is where America is now at its weakest．##Our high schools produce graduates who do not write well enough, have limited reasoning skills and are unable to use the tools of mathematics．Their command of science is far inferior to that of their counterparts in other nations．And all too many young people drop out．We may still have the best university system, but it benefits only a minority．We will need more engineers, scientists and service providers, particularly in the health professions, with a quality of education that cannot be obtained in the current system．Radical change, not reform, is called for．What should be done? First, high school should be cut short and end when students are 16．Second, a new generation of two-year college programs tied to a wide range of specific skills that the economy needs should be created．Third, access to four-year colleges should be expanded, giving more Americans the chance to acquire the deep learning that makes breakthroughs in technology possible．Fourth, we need to recruit more public school teachers and train them better, particularly in physics, chemistry, biology and mathematics, so that our children can be prepared to compete．1、Nowadays, students graduating from high school____．A．write well enoughB．have limitless reasoning skillsC．can't use the tools of mathematicsD．command science as much as their counterparts in other nations2、What should we do to improve the quality of education?A．Students shouldn't study in high school until 16．B．We should create a new generation of two-year college programs tied to a wide range of specific skills the economy needs．C．We should limit access to four-year colleges．D．We ought to recruit more private school teachers and train them better．3、What does the word "collapse" in the third paragraph mean?A．successB．failureC．developmentD．booming4、Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A．Young Americans planning their futures have difficult choices．B．Education must hold center stage due to the global economy．C．The best university system benefits a majority．D．A health society should struggle for full employment．
11、 The food we eat seems to have great effects on our health. Although science has made great steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to diet as well. Different cultures are subject to certain illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures. That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, government researchers realized that nitrates(硝酸盐) and nitrites(亚硝酸盐), commonly used to keep color in meats, and other food additives, caused cancer. Yet, these additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels(标签) of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to cows and chick and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows. Sometimes similar drugs are given to animals not for medicinal purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to get a higher price on the market. Although the FDA has tried repeatedly to control these, the practices continue.1、How has science done a bad service to mankind?A．Diseases caused by food have been done away with.B．It has caused a lack of information about the value of food.C．Some harmful materials have been added to our food.D．Scientists have made food more expensive to eat.2、What are nitrates used for?A．They help process packaged food.B．They keep the color in meats.C．They cure diseases of cows and chickens. D．They cause the animals to become fatter.3、Which of the following statements is NOT true?A．You can find out harmful additives on the packaging labels of food.B．Drugs given to animals are not all for medical reasons.C．Researchers knew about the harm of food additives about 60 years ago.D．Food may cause forty percent of cancer in the world.4、According to the passage, the FDA might be _________.A．an organization which controls the safety of food B．a producer which makes additivesC．a factory which processes foodD．a hospital which cures cancer
12、 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。During the first half of the nineteenth century in the United States, Christmas was a very different kind of holiday than it is today. There was no set of way of celebrating the day,which was not yet an official holiday.
71 Some observed Christmas as an important Christian religious day honoring the birth of Jesus.Others celebrated the day with parties,music,drinking and eating.
.Calvinist Christians banned the celebration of Christmas.But groups such as Episcopaliansand Moravians honored the day with religious services and seasonal decorations.By mid-century,Christian groups began to ignore their religious diffrences over the meaning of Christmas and honored the day in special ways.Christmas became an important time for families to celebrate at home. More and more Christians Americans also began to follow the European traditions of Christmas trees and giving gifts.Christians believed that the tree represented Jesus and was also a sign of new beginnings. German immigrants brought their tradion of putting lights,sweets and toys on the branches of evergreen trees placed in their homes.This tradition of setting up a Christmas tree soon spread to many American homes.
74 As these traditions increased in popularity,the modern trade and business linked to Christmas also grew.As Christmas became more popular,some states declared the day a state holiday.Louisiana was the first state to make the move in eighteen thirty-seven.
.It was not until eighteen seventy that President Ulysses Grant made Christmas a federal holiday.A．So did the practice of giving people presents.B．By eighteen sixty,fourteen other states had followed.C．And,some communities did not celebrate the day at all.D．Americans seldom gave each other presents on Christmas Day.E. But many new American Christmas songs started to become popular.F. Religion played a big role in how an American might celebrate the holiday.G. Communities around the country honored the day in different ways.
13、 _________, I guess, and you can make it.A．If you make more effortsB．Making more effortsC．A bit more effortsD．To have made more efforts
14、 There was such a long queue for fried chicken at KFC that we_____ gave up. A．eventuallyB．unfortunatelyC．generouslyD．purposely
15、 In Europe people hold the fork in the left hand and the knife in the right throughout the meal, a system that is generally agreed to be more efficient than the American zigzag（曲折的）method. Americans hold both the fork and the knife in their right hands throughout the meal, so they continually change their forks to the left hand when they have to cut their meat. It seems to be funny for the Europeans to see Americans busy changing their dinner sets, making a lot of noises. A few explanations for this American style are as follows:(1)Americans are practical and efficient. Since most of us are right-handed, it is reasonable to keep our working tools at all times in the right hand that can use them most efficiently.?(2)Americans, the master of the New World are rebels（叛逆者）.They use the zigzag method to break the rules in the Old World and in this way they are thumbing their nose at Mother England. Americans are a restless kind. They do not like to sit in one spot for very long when dining.(3)Forced to do so, they respond by “playing” with the silver.?Whatever the reason for the practice, it is now certainly as American as apple pie. Europeans recognize this and are quick to attack it as evidence of American innocence（无知）of form. Arguments against the zigzag method rest not only on grounds of efficiency but also on those of tradition. In Old World dining, the knife is held in the right hand continually because it can serve as an instant defense against the uninvited intruders（入侵者）.However, such alertness（警觉） is out of place in the New World, as every American believes that this is the home of the brave. Americans juggle their silverware, perhaps, to show that they are not afraid and that one of them holding a fork is worth any number of them holding blades（刀）.?1、Americans use _______ to hold their fork to pick up the salad.?A．the right handB．the left hand?C．both handsD．either of the two hands?2、As the masters of the New World, Americans use a different cutting method from that in the Old World to _______.?A．show their independence of Mother England?B．show their disrespect to Mother England?C．add a new tradition to those in Mother England?D．show off their creativeness to Mother England?3、In the sentence, the word “juggle” probably means _______.?A．holdB．play withC．pick upD．lay down??4、Which of the following statements is NOT true? ?A．European people hold the fork in the left hand and the knife in the right hand.B．The zigzag eating method is related to American characteristics.?C．The zigzag eating method has become an American feature.?D．European people will use the American method because of its efficiency.
16、 In the 1960s, medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of stressful events. They found out that any major change can be stressful. Negative events like “serious illness of a family member” were high on the list, but so were some positive life-changing events, like marriage. When you take the Holmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not show how you deal with stress—it only shows how much you have to deal with. And we now know that the way you deal with these events has a great effect on your chances of staying healthy.By the early 1970s, hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports. Somehow, the research got boiled down to a memorable message. Women's magazines ran headlines like “Stress causes illnesses”.If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy, the articles said, avoid stressful events. But such simplistic advice is impossible to follow. even if stressful events are dangerous, many—like the death of a loved one—are impossible to avoid. Moreover, any warning to avoid all stressful events is a prescription(处方) for staying away from opportunities as well as trouble. Since any change can be stressful, a person who wanted to be completely free of stress would never marry, have a child, take a new job or move.?The idea that all stress makes you sick also takes no notice of what we know about people. It is supposed that we're all weak and passive in the face of difficulty. But many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental strength than they had before. We also know that a long time without change or challenge can lead to boredom, and physical and mental damage.1、The result of Holmes-Rahe’s medical research tells us _______.?A．what should be done to avoid stress?B．the way of dealing with major events may cause stress?C．what kind of event would cause stress?D．how to deal with sudden changes in life?2、The studies on stress in the early 1970's led to_______.?A．great fear about the mental problems it could cause?B．widespread worry over its harmful effects?C．a deep research into illnesses connected with stress?D．popular avoidance of stressful jobs?3、According to the passage people who have experienced ups and downs may become___.A．discouraged when faced with difficultyB．physically and mentally weak?C．more experienced in the face of difficultyD．uninterested in what happens to them4、What’s the purpose of writing the text? ?A．To tell people the discoveries about stress.?B．To tell people how to keep healthy.?C．To help people avoid stressful events.?D．To help people view stress properly.
扫描二维码马上下载橡皮网APP
拍照搜题，秒出答案！
名校试题，天天更新，免费查看！
接收老师发送的作业，在线答题。