经常搭建Oracle测试环境，有时候觉得OUI（即图形界面）方式甚是繁琐，你得一步一步进行确认，所幸，Oracle支持静默安装。在我看来，它主要有两方面的好处：一、极大地提升了效率，尤其是批量安装。二、很多时候，只有终端环境可供使用。
一、准备responseFile文件
& & 从Oracle软件中获取文件模板
[oracle@node2 ~]$ cd database/response/
db_install.rsp
& &其中database是Oracle软件解压后生成的目录。可见在response目录下有三个模板，其中dbca.rsp是用来创建数据库的。db_install.rsp是用来安装Oracle软件的。netca.rsp是用来创建监听器的。当然也可在db_install.rsp中直接创建数据库。在这里，为求方便，我们选择db_install.rsp模板一并安装软件，创建数据库。
二、编辑responseFile文件
[oracle@node2 ~]$ grep -Ev "^$|^#" db_install.rsp
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db_1
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.EEOptionsSelection=false
oracle.install.db.optionalComponents=oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.4.0
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oper
oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=
oracle.install.db.isRACOneInstall=
oracle.install.db.racOneServiceName=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=400
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=/u01/app/oracle/oradata
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=
oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=
MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
PROXY_HOST=
PROXY_PORT=
PROXY_USER=
PROXY_PWD=
PROXY_REALM=
COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL=
oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=SKIP_UPDATES
oracle.installer.autoupdates.downloadUpdatesLoc=
AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=
注意部分如上所示，关于每个参数的说明，可参考模板中的解释。
三、 静默安装
& & &&[oracle@node2 database]$ ./runInstaller -help
& & & 如果对runInstaller的参数不是很了解的话，可通过该命令进行查看。
[oracle@node2 database]$ ./runInstaller -help
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2015-04-01_10-05-47PM. Please wait ...[oracle@node2 database]$ Usage:
runInstaller
[-options] [(&CommandLineVariable=Value&)*]
Where options include:
-clusterware oracle.crs,&crs version&
Version of Cluster ready services installed.
-crsLocation &Path&
Used only for cluster installs, specifies the path to the crs home location. Specifying this overrides CRS information obtained from central inventory.
-invPtrLoc &full path of oraInst.loc&
Unix only. To point to a different inventory location. The orainst.loc file contains:
inventory_loc=&location of central inventory&
inst_group=&&
-jreLoc &location&
Path where Java Runtime Environment is installed. OUI cannot be run without it.
-logLevel &level&
To filter log messages that have a lesser priority level than &level&. Valid options are: severe, warning, info, config, fine, finer, finest, basic, general, detailed, trace. The use of basic, general, detailed, trace is deprecated.
-paramFile &location of file&
Specify location of oraparam.ini file to be used by OUI.
-responseFile &Path&
Specifies the response file and path to use.
-attachHome
For attaching homes to the OUI inventory.
Indicates that the Oracle home specified is on cluster file system (shared). This is mandatory when '-local' is specified so that Oracle Universal Installer can register the home appropriately into the inventory.
For making an Oracle Home copy match its current environment.
For getting the debug information from OUI.
-detachHome
For detaching homes from the OUI inventory without deleting inventory directory inside Oracle home.
-enableRollingUpgrade
Used in cluster environment, to enable upgrade of a product on a subset of nodes (on which the product was installed).
-executeSysPrereqs
Execute system pre-requisite checks and exit.
Allowing silent mode installation into a non-empty directory.
Displays above usage.
-ignoreSysPrereqs
For ignoring the results of the system pre-requisite checks.
Performs the operation on the local node irrespective of the cluster nodes specified.
-printdiskusage
Log debug information for disk usage.
-printmemory
Log debug information for memory usage.
-printtime
Log debug information for time usage.
For performing relink actions on the oracle home
Usage: -relink -maketargetsxml &location of maketargetsxml& [-makedepsxml &location of makedepsxml&] [name=value]
For silent mode operations, the inputs can be a response file or a list of command line variable value pairs.
-waitforcompletion
Installer will wait for completion instead of spawning the java engine and exiting.
-suppressPreCopyScript
Suppress the execution of precopy script.
-acceptUntrustedCertificates
Accept untrusted certificates from a secure site.
-suppressPostCopyScript
Suppress the execution of postcopy script.
Do not execute config tools.
-noconsole
For suppressing display of messages to console. Console is not allocated.
-formCluster
To install the Oracle clusterware in order to form the cluster.
-remotecp &Path&
Unix specific option. Used only for cluster installs, specifies the path to the remote copy program on the local cluster node.
-remoteshell &Path&
Unix specific option. Used only for cluster installs, specifies the path to the remote shell program on the local cluster node.
-executePrereqs
To execute only the prerequisite checks.
-ignorePrereq
To ignore running the prerequisite checks.
-ignoreInternalDriverError
To ignore any internal driver errors.
-downloadUpdates
To download updates only.
-showProgress
To show the installation progress on the console. This option is supported only in case of silent installation.
Command Line Variables Usage
Command line variables are specified using &name=value&; for example:
[ session: | compName: | compName:version: ]variableName=" valueOfVariable"]
Session/Installer variables are specified using:
[session:]varName=value
Ex 1: session:ORACLE_HOME_NAME="OraHome"
Ex 2: ORACLE_HOME_NAME="OraHome"
The lookup order is session:varName then just varName. The session prefix is used to avoid ambiguity.
Component variables are specified using:
[compInternalName:[Version:]]varName
Ex 1: p1:1.0.1:varName="VarValue"
Ex 2: p1:varName="VarValue"
The lookup order is compInternalName:Version:varName, then compInternalName:varName, then just varName.
& & 开始静默安装
& & [oracle@node2 database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -ignoreSysPrereqs&-showProgress -responseFile /home/oracle/db_install.rsp
& & 其中-silent指的是静默安装，-ignorePrereq忽略prerequisite的检查结果，showProgress显示进度，responseFile是种子文件。
[oracle@node2 database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -showProgress -responseFile /home/oracle/db_install.rsp
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB.
Actual 3073 MB
Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB.
Actual 3999 MB
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2015-04-01_10-13-42PM. Please wait ...[oracle@node2 database]$ [WARNING] [INS-32055] The Central Inventory is located in the Oracle base.
CAUSE: The Central Inventory is located in the Oracle base.
ACTION: Oracle recommends placing this Central Inventory in a location outside the Oracle base directory.
[WARNING] [INS-30011] The ADMIN password entered does not conform to the Oracle recommended standards.
CAUSE: Oracle recommends that the password entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9].
ACTION: Provide a password that conforms to the Oracle recommended standards.
You can find the log of this install session at:
/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs/installActions2015-04-01_10-13-42PM.log
Prepare in progress.
..................................................
Prepare successful.
Copy files in progress.
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
........................................
Copy files successful.
Link binaries in progress.
..........
Link binaries successful.
Setup files in progress.
..................................................
..............................
Setup files successful.
The installation of Oracle Database 11g was successful.
Please check '/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs/silentInstall_10-13-42PM.log' for more details.
Oracle Net Configuration Assistant in progress.
..................................................
Oracle Net Configuration Assistant successful.
Oracle Database Configuration Assistant in progress.
..................................................
Oracle Database Configuration Assistant successful.
Execute Root Scripts in progress.
As a root user, execute the following script(s):
1. /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
2. /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db_1/root.sh
..................................................
100% Done.
Execute Root Scripts successful.
Successfully Setup Software.
& & 最后，需root用户手动执行以下两个文件：
& &&1. /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
& & 2. /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db_1/root.sh
& & 当然，也可查看/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs/installActions_10-13-42PM.log了解具体的安装信息。
命令行安装
首先来看dbca命令行支持哪些参数。
[oracle@node2 ~]$ dbca -help
[-silent | -progressOnly | -customCreate] {&command& &options& }
| { [&command& [options] ] -responseFile
&response file & } [-continueOnNonFatalErrors &true | false&]
Please refer to the manual for details.
You can enter one of the following command:
Create a database by specifying the following parameters:
-createDatabase
-templateName &name of an existing template in default location or the complete template path&
[-cloneTemplate]
-gdbName &global database name&
[-sid &database system identifier&]
[-sysPassword &SYS user password&]
[-systemPassword &SYSTEM user password&]
[-emConfiguration &CENTRAL|LOCAL|ALL|NONE&
-dbsnmpPassword &DBSNMP user password&
-sysmanPassword &SYSMAN user password&
[-hostUserName &Host user name for EM backup job&
-hostUserPassword &Host user password for EM backup job&
-backupSchedule &Daily backup schedule in the form of hh:mm&]
[-centralAgent &Enterprise Manager central agent home&]]
[-disableSecurityConfiguration &ALL|AUDIT|PASSWORD_PROFILE|NONE&
[-datafileDestination &destination directory for all database files& |
-datafileNames &a text file containing database objects such as controlfiles, tablespaces, redo log files and spfile to their corresponding raw device file names mappings in name=value format.&]
[-redoLogFileSize &size of each redo log file in megabytes&]
[-recoveryAreaDestination &destination directory for all recovery files&]
[-datafileJarLocation
&location of the data file jar, used only for clone database creation&]
[-storageType & FS | ASM &
[-asmsnmpPassword
&ASMSNMP password for ASM monitoring&]
-diskGroupName
&database area disk group name&
-recoveryGroupName
&recovery area disk group name&
[-characterSet &character set for the database&]
[-nationalCharacterSet
&national character set for the database&]
[-registerWithDirService &true | false&
-dirServiceUserName
&user name for directory service&
-dirServicePassword
&password for directory service &
-walletPassword
&password for database wallet &]
[-listeners
&list of listeners to configure the database with&]
[-variablesFile
&file name for the variable-value pair for variables in the template&]]
[-variables
&comma separated list of name=value pairs&]
[-initParams &comma separated list of name=value pairs&]
[-sampleSchema
&true | false& ]
[-memoryPercentage &percentage of physical memory for Oracle&]
[-automaticMemoryManagement ]
[-totalMemory &memory allocated for Oracle in MB&]
[-databaseType &MULTIPURPOSE|DATA_WAREHOUSING|OLTP&]]
Configure a database by specifying the following parameters:
-configureDatabase
&source database sid&
[-sysDBAUserName
&user name
with SYSDBA privileges&
-sysDBAPassword
&password for sysDBAUserName user name&]
[-registerWithDirService|-unregisterWithDirService|-regenerateDBPassword &true | false&
-dirServiceUserName
&user name for directory service&
-dirServicePassword
&password for directory service &
-walletPassword
&password for database wallet &]
[-disableSecurityConfiguration &ALL|AUDIT|PASSWORD_PROFILE|NONE&
[-enableSecurityConfiguration &true|false&
[-emConfiguration &CENTRAL|LOCAL|ALL|NONE&
-dbsnmpPassword &DBSNMP user password&
-sysmanPassword &SYSMAN user password&
[-hostUserName &Host user name for EM backup job&
-hostUserPassword &Host user password for EM backup job&
-backupSchedule &Daily backup schedule in the form of hh:mm&]
[-centralAgent &Enterprise Manager central agent home&]]
Create a template from an existing database by specifying the following parameters:
-createTemplateFromDB
&service in the form of &host&:&port&:&sid&&
-templateName
&new template name&
-sysDBAUserName
&user name
with SYSDBA privileges&
-sysDBAPassword
&password for sysDBAUserName user name&
[-maintainFileLocations &true | false&]
Create a clone template from an existing database by specifying the following parameters:
-createCloneTemplate
-sourceSID
&source database sid&
-templateName
&new template name&
[-sysDBAUserName
&user name
with SYSDBA privileges&
-sysDBAPassword
&password for sysDBAUserName user name&]
[-maintainFileLocations &true | false&]
[-datafileJarLocation
&directory to place the datafiles in a compressed format&]
Generate scripts to create database by specifying the following parameters:
-generateScripts
-templateName &name of an existing template in default location or the complete template path&
-gdbName &global database name&
[-scriptDest
&destination for all the scriptfiles&]
Delete a database by specifying the following parameters:
-deleteDatabase
&source database sid&
[-sysDBAUserName
&user name
with SYSDBA privileges&
-sysDBAPassword
&password for sysDBAUserName user name&]
Query for help by specifying the following options: -h | -help
由此来看，dbca命令行参数还是及其丰富的，完全可DIY建库。
下面，用最少参数建了一个库。
[oracle@node2 trace]$ dbca -silent -createDatabase -templateName General_Purpose.dbc -gdbName test -sysPassword oracle -systemPassword oracle
注意，密码需指定，不然会有以下提示
A value for the command line argument "systemPassword" is not provided. We cannot proceed without a value for this argument.
最后输出结果如下：
Copying database files
1% complete
3% complete
11% complete
18% complete
26% complete
37% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
40% complete
45% complete
50% complete
55% complete
56% complete
60% complete
62% complete
Completing Database Creation
66% complete
70% complete
73% complete
85% complete
96% complete
100% complete
Look at the log file "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/test/test.log" for further details.
注意：建库时的日志信息可在$ORACLE_BASE/cfgtoollogs/dbca/&dbname&下查看。
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