第1章& 名词
&& 名词是表示人,事物,或抽象概念等的词。
二.相关知识点
1.名词复数的规则变化
清辅音后读/s/
浊辅音和元音后读 /z/
bag-bags /car-cars
以s， x，sh， ch,等结尾
bus-buses/ watch-watches
以辅音字母+y结尾
变y 为i再加es
baby---babies
2.其它名词复数的规则变化
1） 以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数。例如：　
Marys　　　　&&&&&&&&&&&
&the Henrys
monkey---monkeys　&&&&&&&&&&
holiday---holidays　　
2） 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时：
　　& a. 加s，如：
photo---photos　　&&&&
piano---pianos
　　　　　　　　&&
radio---radios　　&&&&&
zoo---zoos；
加es，如：potato--potatoes　&&&&&
tomato—tomatoes
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
hero—heroes&&&&&&&&&&&
negro—negroes
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
echo—echoes (回声；附和者)
　　& c. 上述a和b两种方法均可，如zero---zeros / zeroes。　
3） 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时：
　　& a. 加s，如：
belief---beliefs　&&&&&&
roof---roofs
　　　　　　　　&&
safe---safes（保险柜）　&&&&&&&&
gulf---gulfs（海湾）
　　& b. 变f或fe 为v再加es，如：half---halves　　
knife---knives　leaf---leaves　&&&&&
wolf---wolves
　　　&& wife---wives　
life---lives　&&&&&&&
thief---thieves；
c. 上述a和b两种方法均可，如handkerchief手帕: handkerchiefs /
handkerchieves。scarf头巾，围巾。
3.名词复数的不规则变化
child---children　&&&&
foot---feet　&&&&
tooth---teeth
mouse---mice　　　&
man---men　&&&&
woman---women　
注意：由一个词加 man 或 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women，如an
Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans。
2） 单复同形，如deer，sheep，fish，means（方法），works(工厂；作品)，Chinese，Japanese
，li （two li），jin(four jin)，yuan，mu( three
mu)，等。但是货币方面除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如：
3）集体名词：表示若干个个体（一群人或多件东西）组成的集合体。常见的集体名词有：
audience听众，观众;cattle牛的总称;committee委员会;company公司；连队;
crew全体船员;herd群；兽群;press新闻界;police警方;public公众;staff全体员工
①people ，police，cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a
cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a bull/cow/calf或an ox一头牛ten head of
cattle十头牛a herd of cattle 一群牛。
②the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the
Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用，如The Chinese are industrious and
brave.　中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
③一般来说，集体名词视作整体时作为单数看待，谓语动词用单数；指它的各个成员时作为复数看待，谓语动词用复数。
My family is not very large.我家人口不太多。
His family are watching TV. 他家（人）在看电视。
4） 以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：
a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数。
b. news 为不可数名词。
c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。
　　　The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。
注：d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。例如：
"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.
《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。
5） 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses （眼镜）　trousers,　clothes等，若表达具体数目，要借助数量词
pair（对，双）;　suit（套）等; ta
suit of clothes等。
6） 另外还有一些名词，其单数和复数的意义有别，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼，arms
武器　，works工厂；作品，sands沙漠，woods树林，ashes废墟，glasses,compasses圆规。等等。　
7)合成名词的复数:①通常将其中的主体名词变为复数：lookers-on旁观者,passers-by过路人,editors-in-chief主编,mothers-in-law&
②如果没有主体词，就在最后一个词上加复数词尾：grown-ups成人,go-betweens　中间人　③
以-man或-woman结尾的派生名词，将-man或-woman变为复数形式　。如man-或woman-作前置定语，则两个词都变为复数形式。policewomen,countrymen,
firemen.　men doctors, women
teachers.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　&
8）缩写、数字、字母的复数常用"'s"来表示；也可不加撇。
three A’s= three
three ATM’s= three ATMs
There are five 9s/9’s in his telephone number.
4. 不可数名词量的表示
1）物质名词可用复数形式表示类别或数量等。
Cake is a kind of food.　
These cakes are sweet.　
We can’t live without food.
The old should take more healthy foods.
This factory produces steel.　
We need various steels.　
Our country is famous for tea.
Two teas, please.
2）抽象名词
①抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如：
four freedoms
四大自由&&&&
the four modernizations四个现代化
②当抽象名词有定语修饰时，其前可以加冠词。如：
He works hard for the welfare of the poor.
3)物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量，如a glass of water 一杯水，a piece of
advice　一则建议，three tons of coal 三吨煤。
5. 定语名词的复数
名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。
用复数作定语。例如：
sports meeting
运动会&&& students
reading-room 学生阅览室
talks table
谈判桌&&&&&&&
the foreign languages department 外语系
2） man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。见上文3
-7）-③。例如：
　　& men workers　　women teachers　　gentlemen
3） 有些原以s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。例如：
goods train
（货车）&&&&&&&&
arms produce　武器生产
　　　　 customs papers
海关文件&&&&&
clothes brush& 衣刷
　4） 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如：
two-dozen eggs　两打鸡蛋　 a ten-mile walk 十英里路
two-hundred trees 两百棵树& a five-year
plan.　一个五年计划
6. 不同国籍人的单复数
总称（谓语用复数）
the Chinese
a Chinese　
two Chinese
澳大利亚人
Australians　&&&&&&&
an Australian
two Australians
the Russians
two Russians
the Italians
an Italian
two Italians
two Greeks
the French
a Frenchman
two Frenchmen
the Japanese
a Japanese
two Japanese
the Americans
an American
two Americans
the Indians
two Indians
the Canadians
a Canadian
two Canadians
the Germans
two Germans
the English
an Englishman
two Englishmen
the Swedish
two Swedes
7. 名词的格
　　英语中有些名词可以加"'s"来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teacher's
book。名词所有格的规则如下：
1） 单数名词词尾加"'s"，如：the boy's bag 男孩的书包，复数名词词尾没有s，也加"'s"， 如：men's
room 男厕所。（以-s结尾的单数名词，在单词末尾加" ' "或"'s"，如：
my boss’/ boss’s car
2） 若名词已有复数词尾-s ，只加" ' "，如：the workers' struggle　工人的斗争。the
students’ bikes.
3） 凡不能加"'s"的名词，都可以用"名词+of +名词"的结构来表示所有关系，如：the title of the
song/article 歌的名字。
4） 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：the barber's 理发店;go
to my uncle’s (house/home).
5） 如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，则表示"分别有"；只有一个's，则表示'共有'。例如：
John's and Mary's rooms（两间）　　John and Mary's room（一间）
6） 复合名词或短语，'s 加在最后一个词的词尾。例如：a month or two's absence
7）也可用于一些表示无生命东西的名词后：
a summer’& the station’s
waiting-room
It is about an hour’s ride from here.骑车去那大约一小时。
This is the city’s largest park.
8）双重所有格
some inventions of Edison’s
a friend of my sister’s=one of my sister’s friends
He is a friend of my father’s.(着重说明我父亲不只一个朋友)
He is a friend of my father. (着重说明他是我父亲的朋友)
&&This is a picture of
my father’s.(这张照片属于我父亲的收藏)
This is a picture/photo/painting/portrait of my
father.(照片或画上的人是我父亲).
8 部分修饰名词的短语
a number of + 名词复数 （很多的 = numbers of ）(number前可用large/ small /
great / quite等修饰)
a quantity of + 名词复数/ 不可数名词 （大量的= quantities of ）(quantity
前可用large/ small / great / vast等修饰)
an amount of 相当…& 常用：a large amount of = large
amounts of +不可数名词（大量的）
plenty of + 名词复数/不可数名词 （很多的，大量的）（一般用于肯定句）
a great /good deal of + 不可数名词 （大量的）
a great /good deal 相当于代词，意为“很多的事情/情况/东西”
a great/ good many + 名词复数 （很多的）
三.巩固练习
1.He was eager to make some extra money, since during these
years he could hardly live on
his_______.&&&
a．&& little
wage&&& b. few
wage&&& c.
wage&&& d.
2.Most of the houses in the village were burnt to ______ during
an ash&& b. the
3.The students at colleges or universities are making ______ for
the coming New Year.
preparations&&&
preparation&&&
preparations&&&
d. preparation
4.Painting in _____ is one of their spare-time activities.
oil&&& b. an
oils&&& d. the
5.In the view of the foreign experts, there wasn’t ____ oil
much&&& b. lots
of&&& c. a great
deal of&&& d.
6.The large houses are being painted, but ______.
a.& of great
expense&&&&&
b. at a great expense& c. in a lot of expenses d.
by high expense
7.The room was small and contained far too ______.
a.much new
furniture&&& c.
much new furnitures
b.many new
furniture&&& d.
many new furnitures
8.Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he
forgot both of the ______.
number&&& b.
room number&& c. room’s
numbers&&& d.
room numbers
<puters can do ______ work in a short time, but a man can
not do ______ by himself.
many…many&&&&&&
c. much…a great deal
& b.great deal
of…much&&& d.
many…a great many
10.She didn’t know _____ he had been given.
a. how many
information&&&&
c. how many informations
b. the number of information& d. how much
information
11.He invited all of his ______ to join his wedding party.
comrade-in-arms&&&&&&&&&&&
c. comrades-in-arm
comrades-in-arms&&&&&&&&&&&
d. comrade-in-arm
12.All the ______ in the hospital got a rise last month.
doctors&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
c. woman doctors
doctor&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
d. woman doctor
13.After ten years, all these youngsters became_____.
growns-ups&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
c. growns-up
grown-up&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
d. grown-ups
14.The police investigated those _____ about the accident.
stander-by&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
c. standers-by
stander-bys&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
d. standers-bys
15.The Nazi kept those ______ in their
concentration camp.
a.prisoner-of-wars&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
c. prisoners-of-war
b.prisoners-of-wars&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
d. prisoner-of-war
16.Mary’s dress is similar in appearance to her
& a. elder
sister&&& b.
sister’s&&& c.
elder sisters&&&
d. elder sisters dress
17.All the people at the conference are ______.
&& a. mathematic
teachers&& c. mathematics
b.mathematics teachers& d.
mathematic’s teachers
18.Professor Mackay told us that ______ of lead are
its softness and its resistance.
property&&&&&&&&
c. properties
properties&&&&&&&
d. property
19.Physics _____ with matter and motion.
deal&&& b.
deals&&& c.
dealing&&& d.
20. The class _______ divided in ___ opinions.
a. were,its&
&&b. were,their
was,its&&& d.
21 It was _______ hot weather that many of us went swimming.
so&& b. such
22 Do you know ________ the population of China
many&& b. how
much&& &c. what
23 I stayed at ________.
Wang’s&&& b.
Wang’s home&& c. the
Wangs&&& d. home
24 Sister Carrie works in a _______ factory.
shoes&& b.
shoes’& &&c.
shoe &&d. shoe’s
25 Have you ever read ____ ?
a. today newspaper &b.newspaper
&c. newspaper of today
&d. today’s newspaper
26 You have a head as clever as _______.
sister’s&&& b.
your sister is& &c.of your
sister&& d. of your sister’s
27 Two _______ walk didn’t make me tired.
a. hour&& b.
hours&&& c.
hour’s&&& d.
28 Li Ming’s handwriting is better than _______ in the
a. anyone’s&& b.
anyone else&&&
c. anyone’s
else’s&&& d.
anyone else’s
29 If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller
one&& c. copy&
30 I can’t afford this house because it is sold for a great
_____ of money.
a. cost& &b.
price&& d. value
31 Mary is good at singing. She has a beautiful _______.
b.sound&&& c.
voice &&d. pronunciation
32 We could not make up our ___ about what to do next.
&&&b.minds&
head&& d. thought
33 The journey was unpleasant .All the tourists were in
low______.
spirit&&& b.
feeling&& &c.
spirits &&&d.
34 ______ has been told not to throw waste things
a. The public
People&& c.
Women&&& d.
35 There are several _____ in this novel who are
different in ______.
a. character, character& b.
characters, characters&
c. character,characters,&
&d. characters , character
36 We visited him ______ when he was in
a. every other
days&&& b.each
c. every other day
every two day
37 My friend will return in _________ .
a. one day or two& b.a day or
two& c. one or two day& d. a or
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＞＞＞阅读理解 My name is Peter. I am 12. I have one brother and..
&&&&&& My name is Peter. I am 12. I have one brother and one sister. My brother is 15 and my sister is 9. I have a friend. He is an English boy. His name is Tanaka. He is in my class. I have a dog, too. Its nameis Billy. Billy is 2. I like sports. I play basketball, soccer and volleyball after class(放学后). I have one pencil case, two English books and three Chinese books.
阅读短文，根据短文内容选择正确答案。
1. Peter has __________.
A. one brother and one sisterB. two brothers and two sistersC. a Chinese friend&&&&D. a dog and a cat
2. Billy is __________.
A. Peter's friend&&&&&&B. Peter's dogC. Tanaka's dog&&&&&& D. Tanaka's friend
3. —Does peter play sports after class?&&&&—__________.
A. Yes, he doesn't.&&&&B. Yes, he do.C. Yes, he does.&&&&&& D. No, he doesn't.
4. Peter likes ___________.
A. computerB. ballsC. pensD. photos
5. Peter and Tanaka are _________.
A. brothersB. sistersC. friendsD. Chinese
题型：阅读理解难度：中档来源：山东省期中题
1-5 A B C B C
马上分享给同学
据魔方格专家权威分析，试题“阅读理解 My name is Peter. I am 12. I have one brother and..”主要考查你对&&日常生活类阅读&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下：
现在没空？点击收藏，以后再看。
因为篇幅有限，只列出部分考点，详细请访问。
日常生活类阅读
日常生活类阅读：日常生活这一话题主要涉及人们衣食住行等方面的活动。这一话题的选材主要针对人们日常的工作，生活以及学习情况。做这一类题时，最主要的是要把握好人物的活动内容，时间和地点。
发现相似题
与“阅读理解 My name is Peter. I am 12. I have one brother and..”考查相似的试题有：
275112105950241389307585285072286358新目标英语八年级上册第六单元例句讲解
新目标英语八年级上册第六单元例句讲解
【例1】Jim's box is ________ than Peter's.
B．heavier
C．heaviest
D．the heaviest
指二者的比较，用比较级。
【例2】—Who is ________, Peter or Mike?
—Peter is, I think.
D．the oldest
在Peter与Mike二人中比较，应选比较级词，故选B项。
【例3】根据中文意思写出括号中词的正确形式
1．这个盒子更重。
This box is ________ (heavy).
2．那支铅笔更长。
That pencil is ________ (long).
3．我父亲比我叔叔年纪大。
My father is ________ than my uncle (old).
第1题“更重”是二者比较得出的，用比较级词。heavy以“辅音+y”结尾，变y为i再加er构成heavier。第2题“更长”是long的比较级，直接加er，longer。第3题该句所指的范围在二者中，than“比”，提示了句子用比较级形式。
（1）heavier
（2）longer
（3） older
【例4】选择填空
I have ________ apples than you do.
由于没有真正弄清句子的意义，或忽视了本句所含的比较意义，只注意到apple是可数名词而错选A或D。
由于本句中含有比较状语从句than you do，在apples前应填比较级。四个选项中只有more是（many/much的）比较级。
【例5】下列译文中每句都有一处错误，请找出来并改正
（1）桌上的那个苹果比这个大。
误：The apple on the table is biger than this one.
正：The apple on the table is bigger than this one.
初学比较级时，对比较级形式的构成记得不牢，一般情况下，在单词的词尾加-er构成，但重读闭音节以一个辅音字母结尾的应双写辅音字母，再加-er。
（2）你能比我走得远。
误：You can walk farer than I.
正：You can walk farther than I.
far为不规则变化的词，其比较级和最高级形式分别为father/further和farthest/furthest。
（3）你的英语比我好。
误：Your English is better than I.
正：Your English is better than mine.
English不能与I比，它们不同类。
（4）地球比月亮大得多。
误：The earth is very bigger than the moon.
正：The earth is much bigger than the moon.
比较级前一般用much, a little等修饰。very一般修饰形容词原形。
单元要点与中考题
　　 1. ---Which is the _______season of the year
　　 ---Summer.
　　 A. hot B. hotter C. hottest D. hottest (山西中考试题)
　　 [答案] C。该题考查形容词最高级的形式和用法。一年有四个季节，四个季节进行比较，要找出一个最热的，应用最高级。而hot的最高级hottest, 不是hotest。
　　 2. This street is much ________than that one.
　　 A. straight B. straighter
　　 C. straightest D. more straighter （天津中考试题）
　　 [答案] B。该题考查形容词比较级的用法。两条街道进行比较，其中一条街道比另一条街道更直，应用形容词的比较级来表示。straight的比较级的正确形式是straighter, 因此正确答案应是B。
　　 3. Let's ________a talk about learning Chinese.
　　 A. had B. having C. to have D. have （北京市中考试题）
　　 [答案] D。该题考查的是 "Let's do sth."这个句型的结构。在 "Let's do sth."这个句型中，Let's 之后只能用动词原形， 所以只能选D。
　　例1请写出下列每组词中不属于同一类的词。
　　1. __________ height, weight, short, size
　　2. __________ thin, funny, serious, shy
　　3. __________ bigger, better, nicer, sweater
　　4. __________ Mary, Tanya, Pedro, Marguerite
　　5. __________ kicker, sister, father, cousin
　　【答案】1. size
3. sweater
　　【分析】本题考查对单词词性的理解与掌握程度。
　　例2根据提示，写出下列单词，均为形容词。
　　1. quiet
　　2. no grave
　　3. without unwanted ac untroubled
　　4. difficult to lift, carry or move
　　5. having or showing good reasoning power, interested in things of the mind
　　6. causing fun or amusement
　　7. having or showing eagerness to mix
　　8. (of people) with plenty of muscle
　　9. having or showing lack of thought or control
　　10. fa well received
　　【答案】1. calm
2. serious
5. intelligent
7. outgoing
8. athletic
10. popular
　　【分析】本题考查学生对本课基本形容词的掌握程度，由于从英语解释进行判断，所以有一定难度。
　　例4请根据答语选择正确的问句。
　　1. The train journey was very _____ (cheap). It only cost eight pounds.
　　2. Paul is _____ (intellectual) than Pete.
　　3. Do you like studying math? Yes, but I prefer studying Chinese. It’s _____ (easy).
　　4. I think he should study English. English is _____ (useful) than Latin.
　　5. Lois Murphy is more honest and _____ (athletic) than Stanley Pratt.
　　6. Lois Murphy is a much _____ (nice) person.
　　7. My sister is _____ (thin) than me.
　　8. Jerry is a little _____ (serious) about schoolwork.
　　9. He said the park was _____ (beautiful) than that one.
　　10. My dog is _____ (heavy) than yours.
　　【答案】1. cheap
2. more intellectual
4. more useful
5.more athletic
8.more serious
9.more beautiful
10.heavier
　　【分析】本题考察形容词原级、比较级的用法，比较基础，难度适中。
　　例4比较级典型错误精析
　　形容词、副词比较级是中学生朋友们英语语法学习中的一个难点。由于它的句型复杂，变化多样，考试中，同学们常常出错。现将同学们容易犯的错误归纳分析如下，记得下次可不要再犯哦！
　　一、比较对象不明
　　比较级句型中的前后比较对象要保持一致。若前一个比较对象是不可数名词，那么后一个比较对象则可用that替代，若是可数名词，则可用one，ones或those替代，这些替代词不可以没有。例如：
　　这个书架上的书比那个书架上的书有趣。
　　The books on this shelf are more interesting than the ones（those）on that shelf．再如：
　　李明在他班里比任何学生都聪明。
　　误：Li Ming is cleverer than any student in his class．
　　正：Li Ming is cleverer than any other student in his class．
　　析：误句中，前一个比较对象是“李明”，后一个比较对象是“任何学生”。any student也包括李明在内，当然自身不能与自身相比较。所以应在any之后加上other，这样就排除了李明本人。注意若不是在同一范围内相比较，后一个比较对象为“any＋单数名词”。如：
Shanghai is larger than any city in Africa．上海比非洲任何城市都大。
　　二、误用修饰语
　　例如：他们的英语书比我们的多得多。
　　误：They have much more English books than we．
　　正：They have many more English books than we．
　　析：比较级前常可有much，no，any，rather，far，a little，a lot，even，still等词来修饰，但是，当比较结构为“more＋复数名词”时，要用many来修饰，而不能用much。若是more后跟不可数名词则用much来修饰。如：
　　The little boy has much more bread than his sister．
　　三、词序不得当
　　对比较级中一些复杂句子的语序混淆不清，只考虑了中文意思，却忽略了英语习惯表达方式。例如：
　　他比我高一头。
　　误：He is taller a head than I．
　　正：He is a head taller than I．
　　这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。
　　误：This room is as twice large as that one．
　　正：This room is twice as large as that one．
　　汤姆似乎不如吉姆那样是个好孩子。
　　误：Tom doesn't seem to be as a good boy as Jim．
　　正：Tom doesn't seem to be as good a boy as Jim．
　　析：当as．．．as．．．这种结构表示同等程度的对比与名词限定词a或an连用时，形容词总是放在a或an的前面。
　　她工作越努力，取得的进步越大。
　　误：The harder she worked，the more she made progress．
　　正：The harder she worked，the more progress she made．
　　析：在此句型中，当比较级的形容词修饰宾语时，宾语要紧接在比较级形容词之后。
　　四、随意省略the。例如：
　　莉莉是双胞胎中较高的那个。
　　误：Lily is taller of the twins．
　　正：Lily is the taller of the twins．
　　析：比较级前通常不加定冠词the，但当句中含有明确说出两个比较对象的of短语时，比较级前须用定冠词。
1．I'm more outgoing than my sister.我比我姐姐外向。
（1）这是一个比较句。比较句的构成是“形容词/副词比较级形式＋than”，表示“……比……”。如：
This book is bigger than that one.这本书比那本书大。
I have more books than you.我的书比你的书多。
（2）outgoing是个多音节词，其比较级的构成为more+原形。类似的还有：
more beautiful
interesting
more interesting
more exciting
more expensive
2．As you can see, in some ways we look the same, and in some ways we look different.你看，我们俩某些方面很像，也有长得不像的方面。
same意为“相同的”，其前要加定冠词，反义词为different。当说两个东西不同时，用different, different前不加冠词。如：
Some things are different in China and America.在中国和美国有些东西是不相同的。
You look the same.你们看起来长得很像。
长得像……用look like表示。如：
He looks like his father.他长得像他的父亲。
3．However, we both enjoy going to parties.但是，我们都喜欢参加聚会。
both作形容词时表示“两者；两者都”，与复数名词连用，名词前可有定冠词、指示限定词等。如：
Both books are expensive.这两本书都很贵。
Both the/these books are expensive.
both作代词时，表示“两者”，这时复指前文的复数名词或代词。如：
We both want to go to the party.我们俩都想去参加聚会。
His parents are both dead.他父母双亡。
both作副词时，构成both…and…结构，表示“不但……而且……；既……又……”。如：
Both his brother and sister are married.他的哥哥和姐姐两人都已婚。
She can speak both French and English.她既会说法语又会说英语。
4．She's a little more outgoing than me.她稍微比我外向些。
在比较级前用副词much来修饰表示程度大，用a little修饰表示程度小。very修饰原级。如：
I'm much taller than he.我比他高多了。
Sam is a little older than Kate.萨姆比凯特大一点。
The box is very heavy.这箱子很重。
5．Holly's best friend is funnier than she is. Holly最好的朋友要比她风趣。
这一句还可说成Holly's best friend is funnier than her. than后可以是名词，代词，介词短语及句子等。如：
He is taller than I/me.他比我高。
He is taller than I am.他比我高。
German is more difficult than English.德语比英语难学。
本课语法知识聚焦
　　1) 形容词的作用　　形容词在句子中一般充当表语、定语和宾语补足语，如：
　　Our school looks very beautiful. (表语)　　There are fifty students in our class, so we need a big classroom. (定语)　　Doing morning exercises can make us healthy. (宾语补足语)
　　2) 形容词的级别　　形容词有三种级别，即原级、比较级和最高级。当讨论的对象是一个时应使用原级，当讨论的对象是两个时应使用比较级，当讨论的对象在三个或更多时应使用最高级。
　　在形容词原级后面加上er就成为比较级，在原级后加上est就成为最高级。 一般的单音节形容词直接加er或est，词尾是不发音字母e的只加r或st，重读闭音节应双写词尾辅音字母再加er或est，如：
　　long—longer—longest，　　nice—nicer—nicest，　　big—bigger—biggest。
　　以辅音字母加y为结尾的双音节形容词应将y改为i再加上er或est，如：
　　early—earlier—earliest，　　dirty—dirtier—dirtiest，　　busy—busier—busiest。
　　多音节的形容词比较级应在前面加上more，最高级应在前面加上most， 如：
　　important—more important—most important，　　difficult—more difficult—most difficult。
　　有些特殊的形容词有自己的变化规律，如：
　　good/well—better—best， bad/badly—worse—worst，　　many/much—more—most，　 little—less—least，　　far—farther/further—farthest/furthest。
　　形容词的比较级句型应使用连词than或or，如：
　　The weather in Shanghai is hotter than that in Beijing.　　上海的天气比北京的天气热.
　　Which subject is more important, English or math?　　英语和数学, 哪个学科更重要?
　　形容词的最高级前应加上定冠词the，句型中应给出比较范围，如：
　　The Changjiang River is the longest river in China.　　长江是中国最长的河流.
　　The third truck carries the most books of all.　　第三辆卡车在所有的卡车中载书最多.
　　两个人或物比较时，如果只说明两者相同或不同，则可使用as...as...句型，否定句为not as (so)...as...句型，这里形容词仍使用原级，如：
　　Mr. Green is as old as Mr. Brown. 　　　　格林先生和布朗先生年龄一样大.
　　Mr. Green is not as (so) old as Mr. Brown.　　　　格林先生和布朗先生的年龄不一样大.
新目标英语八年级上册第六单元知识讲解及练习
【重要词汇概览】　　◆ more&&&&adv. (比......) 更，更多的，更大的&&&&(构成多音节形容词和副词的比较级)　　◆ than&&&& conj. 比　　◆ calm&&&&adj. (心情) 镇静的，无忧虑的　　◆ wild　　　　 　 　 　adj. 卤莽的， 轻率的　　◆ intellectual　 　　
adj. 用脑筋的，有智力的，聪明的　　◆ athletic　　　　 　
adj. 体格健美的， 体格强健的　　◆ both　　　　 　　　
pron. 二者，两者都　　◆ popular　　　　　　
adj. 受欢迎的，流行的，通俗的　　◆ schoolwork　 　　 　 n. 学业，功课　　◆ laugh　　　　　　 　 v. 笑，发笑　　◆ opposite　　　　　 　adj. 对立的，相反的　　◆ view　　　　　 　　　n. 观点，想法，态度　　◆ interest　　　　　 　n. 兴趣，爱好　　◆ though　　　　　　 　conj. 虽然，既然，纵然【重要词组概览】　　◆ be good at 　　　　 　擅长，善于，在......做得好　　◆ twin sister 　　　　　双胞胎姐妹　　◆ in some ways 　　　 　在某些方面　　◆ look the same 　 　 　看上去一样　　◆ look different 　　 　看上去不同　　◆ enjoy doing sth 　 　 喜欢做某事　　◆ more than　　　　　 　多于，超过　　◆ between...and...　 　 在......和......之间　　◆ as...as...　　　　
　和......一样　　◆ lots of　　　　　　 　=a lot of　 许多, 大量的　　◆ a little　　　　 　
一点儿(修饰比较级,表示 "更......一点儿" )　　◆ the same as　　　　
和......相同　　◆ make sb. do sth. 　
使某人做某事　　◆ like to do sth.　　
喜欢做某事　　◆ be important for sb.
对某人重要　　◆ be different from　　　和...... 不同　　◆ stay at home　　　　　 呆在家里
【语法知识聚焦】
　1) 形容词的作用　　　形容词在句子中一般充当表语、定语和宾语补足语，如：　　　Our school looks very beautiful. (表语)　　　There are fifty students in our class, so we need a big classroom. (定语)　　　Doing morning exercises can make us healthy. (宾语补足语)　2) 形容词的级别　　　形容词有三种级别，即原级、比较级和最高级。当讨论的对象是一个时应
使用原级，当讨论的对象是两
个时应使用比较级，当讨论的对象在三个或更多时应使用最高级。　　　在形容词原级后面加上er就成为比较级，在原级后加上est就成为最高级。 一般的单音节形容词直接加
er或est，词尾是不发音字母e的只加r或st，重读闭音节应双写词尾辅音字母再加er或est，如：　　　long—longer—longest，　　　nice—nicer—nicest，　　　big—bigger—biggest。　　　以辅音字母加y为结尾的双音节形容词应将y改为i再加上er或est，如：　　　early—earlier—earliest，　　　dirty—dirtier—dirtiest，　　　busy—busier—busiest。　
　多音节的形容词比较级应在前面加上more，最高级应在前面加上most， 如：　　　important—more important—most important，　　　difficult—more difficult—most difficult。　　　有些特殊的形容词有自己的变化规律， 如：　　　good/well—better—best， bad/badly—worse—worst，　　　many/much—more—most，　 little—less—least，　　　far—farther/further—farthest/furthest。　　　形容词的比较级句型应使用连词than或or，如：　　　The weather in Shanghai is hotter than that in Beijing.　　　上海的天气比北京的天气热.　　　Which subject is more important, English or math?　　　英语和数学, 哪个学科更重要?　　　形容词的最高级前应加上定冠词the，句型中应给出比较范围，如：　　　The Changjiang River is the longest river in China.　　　长江是中国最长的河流.　　　The third truck carries the most books of all.　　　第三辆卡车在所有的卡车中载书最多.　　　两个人或物比较时，如果只说明两者相同或不同，则可使用as...as...句型，否定句为
not as (so)...as...句型，这里形容词仍使用原级，如：　　　Mr. Green is as old as Mr. Brown. 　　　　　　格林先生和布朗先生年龄一样大.　　　Mr. Green is not as (so) old as Mr. Brown.　　　　　格林先生和布朗先生的年龄不一样大.
【综合能力检测】一.单词归类　　ear, subway, headache, hardly, go camping, nose, neck, sore throat, train, stomachache,
often, babysitting, go sightseeing, shoulder, arm, fever, backache, sports camp, never, boat,
plane, go bike riding, sometimes, always, bus　　Parts of body(人体部分):　　_______　 ________　 _________　 _________　 _________　　Conveyance(交通工具 ): 　　________　 ________　 _________　 ________　 _________　　Illness and discomforts(疾病和疼痛): 　_________　 _________ _________　 _________　 ________　　Frequency adverbs( 频率副词): 　　_________　 _________　 _________　 ________　 _________　　Vacation activities( 假日活动 ):　_________　 _________　 _________　 _________　 _________
二．选择填空　　(　 ) 1. The girl isn’t short. She is __________ than before.　　A. short　　 　　 B. tall　　　 　　
C. taller　　
D. shorter　　(　 ) 2. Li Ming and Lin Tao _________ black eyes.　　A. has　　　 　　 B. have both　　　
C. both have　　D. both has　　(　 ) 3. John is ___________ than Peter.　　A. funnier　 　　 B. fun 　　　 　
　C. funny 　　 　D. more funny　　(　 ) 4. My sister is __________ more outgoing than me.　　A. more　　　　　 B. most　　　 　　
C. a little　 　D. little　　(　 ) 5. Her grandfather ___________ fishing on weekends.　　A. likes going　
B. like going　　
C. likes go　 　D. like to go　　(　 ) 6. I __________ a movie this Sunday.　　A. watch　　 　　 B. watches　　 　　 C. watching　 　D. am watching　　(　 ) 7. A: Can you go to the concert with us?　　　　　　 B: ________.　　A. I’d love to　 B. I’d like　　 　 C. I’d love　　D. I’d like to　　(　 ) 8. I _______ a primary school student two years ago.　　A. am　　　　 　　B. was　　　 　　 　C. be　　　 　　D. were　　(　 ) 9. He likes to do the same things _______ me.　　A. in　　　　 　　B. on　　　　 　
C. like　　　 　D. as　　(　 )10. Maria is a student. ________ is good at swimming.　　A. He　　　　 　　B. She　 　　　　　 C. We　　　 　　D. I
三．连句　　1. we, like, both, the, doing, same, things　　　__________________________________________________.　　2. Tom, has, than , Sam, shorter, hair　　　_____________________________________________.　　3. on, We're, Wednesday, tennis, playing, with, school , the ,team　　　____________________________________________________________.　　4. Tim, usually, school, subway, to, takes, the　　　________________________________________________.　　5. do, how,　 often, exercise, you?　　　___________________________________________?
四. 根据句意，选择方框内所给的词语填空。
staying　 walk　　 heavier　 funny　bicycle　 love 　　 lesson　 leaving　 concert
1. How long are you ________ in Miami?　　2. Are you ________? No, I’ m hungry.　　3. I live next to the school. I always ________ to school.　　4. Peter eats all the time. He is really ________ than everyone in our class.　　5. Lisa is so _______. She always makes everyone laugh.　　6. Mary rides her _______ to school everyday.　　7. Can you study with me? Yes, I’d _______ to.　　8. Today I have a piano _______. So I can’t go shopping with you.　　9. When are you ________ home?　　10.Can you go to the pop ________ with me?
五. 用比较级填空　　1. Who is ___________( heavy), Wang Lin or Lin Tao?　2. Mr Green is ______________( serious) than Mr Brown.　3. The sun is ______________( big) than the earth.　4. Unit 4 is ____________________( difficult) than Unit 5.　5. My mother is __________ (young) than your mother is.　6. Which country is _________( large) , China or Japan?
7. Mary has _________( long) hair than Betty.
8. It’s ________( hot) in summer in Beijing than that in Dalian.　9. Miss Yang is ___________ ( calm) than Miss Li.　10. You are __________________( athletic) than Jim.　　
六. 完成句子　　　1. 他多长时间拜访祖父母一次？他每月拜访祖父母3到4次。　　　 How ________does he visit his grand parents?　　　 　He _______his grandparents ____________or ______ _______a month.　　2. 我姐姐和我一样。我们都很外向。　　　 My sister is the __________ ________ me. We are both___________.　　3. 我们应该每天打扫教室。　　 　We should __________ our _______________ every day.　　4. 小明擅长游泳．　　　 Xiao Ming is ______ _____ ______.　　5. 你看上去和你的妹妹长得一样．你们是双胞胎吗？　　 　You and your sister ______ ______ ______ . Are you twins?
七. 写作　　昨天在你回家的路上,遇到一个两年未见面的小学同学XX（不用真实姓名）.你发现他/她与两年前有很大变
化.请你描述一下他/她的变化.　　intellectual, popular, outgoing, athletic, polite (有礼貌的)， funny　　Yesterday on my way home I met a classmate of mine. We were in a primary school two years
ago. I found he / she was much taller than before.　　____________________________________________________________________　　___________________________________________________________________　
【参考答案点拨】一、Parts of body(人体部分):　　ear　 nose　 neck　 shoulder　 arm　　　Conveyance(交通工具):　　subway　 train　 boat　 plane　 bus　　　Illness and discomforts(疾病和疼痛):　headache sore throat　stomachache　fever　backache　　Frequency adverbs(频率副词):　　hardly　 often　 never　 sometimes　 always　　Vacation activities(假日活动): 　go camping　babysitting　go sightseeing　sports camp　
go bike riding二、1. C　 2. C　 3. A　 4. C　 5. A　 6. D　 7. A　 8. B　 9. D　 10. B　　1. C，根据题意，又than经常与比较级连用。　　2. C，both与实义动词连用时，必须放在实义动词的前面。　　3. A，than经常与比较级连用, funny以辅音字母加y 结尾，应去掉 y 加上ier.　　4. C，a little可以用来修饰比较级，这儿的a little more outgoing than me意思是：比我外向一点儿。　　5．A，根据on weekends, 本题为一般现在是，主语是第三人称单数，动词用 likes,like doing sth和
go fishing都是固定用法.　　6. D，用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作.　　7. A，表示很高兴接受别人的邀请时,常说: I'd love to.　 意思是:我很乐意......　　8. B，two years ago 是一般过去时的时间状语。　　9. D，the same as 是固定用法,表示: 和......一样．　　10. B，Maria(玛丽亚)是女孩子的名字．三、　　1. We both like doing the same things.　　2. Tom / Sam has shorter hair than Sam / Tom.　　3. We're playing tennis with the school team on Wednesday.　　4. Tim usually takes the subway to school.　　5. How often do you exercise?四、1. staying　 2. tired　 3. walk　 　4. heavier　 5. funny
6. bicycle 　7. love　　8. lesson　 9. leaving　 10. concert　　1. How long 经常与延续性动词连用，又根据in Miami, 不能选leaving.　　2. 根据题中的hungry, 其它的形容词与hungry不能形成对照的关系．　　3. walk, next to school意思是：紧挨着学校．　　4. heavier, all the time意思是：总是，一直．　　5. funny, make sb. laugh意思是：逗某人大笑．　　6. bicycle, ride her bicycle, 动词短语：骑自行车．　　7. love, 表示很高兴接受别人的邀请时,常说: I'd love to. 意思是:我很乐意.五、
本题要求用比较级填空：　　1. heavier　 2. more serious　
3. bigger　 4. more difficult　 5. younger　　6. larger　　7. longer　　　　　8. hotter　 9. calmer　　　　　 10. more athletic六、　　1. often, visits, three, four times　　2. same as, outgoing　　3. clean, classroom　　　4. good at swimming　　5. look the same　　1. often, 每月拜访祖父母3到4次,表示频度用how often. 第一句中动词是does, 时态应该一致．　　2. the same as和．．．．．．相同，是固定短语．　　4. be good at 擅长于．．．．．．,　at 是介词，后接动名词．　　5. look the same 看上去一样，是固定短语．七、　　 Yesterday on my way home I met a classmate of mine. We were in a primary school two years ago. Her name is Zhou Yan. I found she was much taller than before. She told me that she liked playing tennis. She was on the school team and she was very poplar in her school. So she looked more athletic than before. Then she told me that she studied well in her class. All her classmates and teachers said she was very intellectual. We talked for a long time. We talked a lot. She told me a lot of funny stories of her. I thought she was more outgoing and polite than before. At last we decided that we would play tennis together next Sunday.
新目标英语八年级上册第六单元同步辅导同步练习
一.教学内容：
I’m more outgoing than my sister.
二. 教学目标：
1. 谈论个性特征。
2. 学习使用形容词的比较级比较人的个性特征。
3. 学习比较身边的事物并选择最佳方案。
三. 重点词汇、短语：
1. 形容词比较级：taller, shorter, thinner, longer, heavier, calmer, wilder, quieter, funnier,
smarter, more athetic, more popular
2. more, than, twin, both,
3. twin sister, look the same, look different, go to parties, in common, be good at,
make sb. do sth, elementary school, enjoy, doing sth.,
四. 重点句型：
1. Petro is funnier than Paul.
Tina is taller than Tara.
Tom is more athletic than Sam.
2. In some ways we look the same, and in some ways we look different.
3. Liu Ying is not as good at sports as her sister.
4. I think a good friend makes me laugh.
5. I think she should get the job.
五. 语法：
形容词比较级及其用法。
六. 重点、难点讲解：
1. Do you think you are different from Tara?
Because he likes to do the same things as I do.
（be）different from
（be）the same …as
e.g. His life style is quite different from ours.
The twin sisters look the same.
We read the same book as you showed us last time.
2. I’m funnier than Tara. And I’m more outgoing.
（1）形容词比较级用法：
形容词比较级用法用于两者之间的比较，表示一方比另一方“更…”或“较…”，后常跟比较连词than表被
比较的对象。为避免重复than引导的从句中有些与主句相同的部分常省略，而把相比较部分突出。另外，在
上下文中，形容词比较级也可单独使用。注意：than后常跟名词，但这是由于than引导的比较状语从句省略
了与主句相同的部分。在进行比较时，一定要注意比较对象要对等。
e.g. His hair is longer than his father’s.
= He has longer hair than his father.
It’s hotter in Shanghai than in Beijing.
China is bigger than any other country in Asia. （any other “任何一个”）
（2）形容词比较级的构成：
形容词分原级、比较级、最高级。通常形容词的比较级为规则变化，在词尾加-er，以不发音的e结尾的单音
节词和少数以-le结尾的双音节词直接加－r，（以辅音加y结尾的变y为i加－er，重读闭音节以辅音字母结
尾的双写结尾的辅音加-er）。有的双音节和多音节的词，在词前加more构成比较级。此外还有个别词为不
规则变化，例：
good / well - better / best, bad / ill - worse - worst, little - less - least,
old - older / elder - oldest / eldest, many / much- more - most,
far -farther / further-farthest / furthest
（3）在形容词比较级前还可用much, even, still, a little来修饰，表示“…的多”“甚至…”“更…”
“…一些”。
e.g. This city is much more beautiful than before.
She’s a little more outgoing than me.
It’s a little colder today.
（4）“比较级＋and＋比较级”意为“越来越…”注：多音节比较级用“more and more＋形容词原级”形式。
It’s getting worse and worse.
The group became more and more popular.
（5）“Which / Who is + 比较级…？”比较A、B两事物，问其中哪一个较…时用此句型。
e.g. Which T-shirt is nicer, this one or that one?
Who is more active, Mary or Kate?
Which one is more popular among students, going to concerts or going to movies?
3. As you can see, in some ways we look the same, and in some ways we look-different.
“look the same”看上去一样。
“look like…”看上去像…，look alike看上去相像
in a way为某一种方式
此处look系动词，后跟形容词。例：look young / old / tired / nice.
4. We both have black eyes and black hair, although my hair is shorter than hers.
（1）both“两个、两者都…”，在句中可作代词、形容词、副词、连词。作副词时常放在be动词之后，实
义动词之前。
e.g. Both （of）his parents are doctors. （作代词或形容词）
＝ His parents are both doctors. （作副词）
They both went camping in the holiday. （作副词）
Both English and math are very important.
（both …and…短语常连接两个并列的成分，可连接名词、动词、形容词和代词等。）
注：both指两者都，all指三者或三者以上都。
（2）although与though常可互换，表“虽然、即使、尽管”，都不能与but用于一句话中。但though用得更
普遍。此外though可作副词，在句尾表“然而”，although不能。固定短语是even though表
“即使、纵然”，不能用even although.
e.g. There are some differences, though.
（3）hers名词性物主代词，句中指“her hair”.
5. She has more than one sister 她不止有一个姐姐。
They have some things in common.
（in common共通（同）的）（something某物，some thing某一个事物，some things一些事物）
6. Li Ying is not as good at sports as her sister.
（1）as…as…同级比较，两个“as”之间必须使用形容词或副词原级。意为“如同……一样…”，
not as / so …as“不如…一样…”
e.g. He runs as quickly as his father.
The watermelon is as big as a soccerball.
She doesn’t study so / as hard as her brother （does）
（2）be good at sth. / doing sth. 擅长于（做）某事。
e.g. They are good at playing badminton.
I’m not good at painting.
Who is good at computer in your class?
7. I think a good friend makes me laugh.
make sb. do sth. 让（使）某人做某事（make后跟不带to的不定式）
e.g. His words made us feel so exciting.
The boss made the workers work all day and all night.
8. She’s a good listener, and she keeps secrets.
听者listener, 说话者speaker
keep a secret保密
9. Is she a lot like you? = Is she like you very much?
（1）a lot 表程度，相当于very much，但位置不同。
（2）be like 像…，like为介词。
10. elementary school小学
secondary school小学，primary school小学
high school中学
middle school中学
11. enjoy sth. / doing sth. 喜欢（做）某事（物）
enjoy tell jokes, （tell a joke讲笑话）
12. I think she should get the job.
should 情态动词，“应当、应该”，后跟动词原形。
We should study hard and be good students.
You should help your mother with the housework.
【模拟试题】（答题时间：80分钟）
一. 用所给形容词的适当形式填空。
short, heavy, light, tall, small, long
1. He’s on school basketball team. So he is ______ than any other student in his class.
2. What animals are _____, elephants or horses?
3. When autumn comes, the days get ______ and the nights get ______.
4. Things are much _______ on the moon than on the earth.
5. This shirt is too big. Please show me a _______ one.
二. 短语互译：
1. not as …as …________
2. stop talking__________
3. more than__________
4. go to parties__________
5. in some ways__________
6. look the same__________
7. 双胞胎兄（弟）__________
8. 使某人大笑__________
9. 喜欢运动__________
10. 擅长于__________
三. 单项选择：
）1. I have two sisters. ______ of them are like me.
）2. Lin Tao’s bike is much newer than _____.
）3. Which subject do you like ______, English or Chinese?
D. the best
）4. －What do you think of this film?
－It’s ________ than the last one, I think.
A. interesting
B. interested
C. more interesting
D. more interested
）5. A young man usually sleeps more than an old man ______.
）6. We call it mooncake because it _____ the moon.
B. looks like
C. doesn’t look like
）7. ______ than one person has read the news.
）8. －Are you ______ at English?
－No, but this time I did _______ in the English exam.
A. good, good
B. well, well
C. well, good
D. good, well
）9. Sam is ______ more outgoing than me.
C. a little
）10. ______ the evening of Mid Autumn Day, we usually stay up late and watch the full
四. 完形填空：
Mike is a worker. He works in a shop. One of feet is bigger than
. He can’t find the right shoes
his feet. His friend, Bill, says to him, “Why don’t you go to
shoemaker （鞋匠）？A good shoemaker can make the
you. ”Mike goes to the shoemaker near Bill’s home. Very soon the shoemaker makes him
. Mike looks at the shoes and he isn’t
7 . He says to the shoemaker, “You aren’t a
shoemaker! I want you
me one shoe bigger than the other, but you make me one shoe
than the other. ”
）1. A. another
B. the other
）2. A. to
）4. A. big
）5. A. to
）6. A. a pair of shoes
C. some shoes
D. a pair shoe
）7. A. angry
C. worried
）8. A. right
）9. A. make
B. to make
D. are making
）10. A. smaller
C. heavier
D. lighter
Human beings have used tools for a very long time. In some parts of the world you can still find tools that people used more than two million years ago. They made these tools by hitting one stone
another. In this way they broke off pieces from one of the stones. These chips of stone were usually
on one side. People used them for
meat and skin from dead animals, and
for making other tools out of wood. Human beings needed to
tools because they did not have sharp teeth like other meat-eating
such as lions and tigers. Tools helped people to get food more
Working with tools also helped to
human intelligence（智力）. The human brain grew bigger, and human began to invent more and more tools and machines. The stone chip was one of the first tools
people used, and perhaps
the most important. Some scientists say that it was the key
the success of mankind.
Since 1960 a new kind of tool has appeared. This is the silicon chip（硅片）－a little chip of silicon crystal. It is
than a fingernail, but it can
more than a million“bits”（字节）of information. It is
electronic brain.
Every year these chips get leverer, but
size gets smaller, and their cost gets
. Human beings used
chips for more than two million years, but human
changed very little in that time. We have used silicon chips for
a few years, but life is changing faster every day.
will life be like twenty years from now?
1. A. after
C. against
2. A. sharp
C. strange
3. A. hitting
B. cutting
5. A. store
6. A. animals
B. persons
7. A. easy
C. difficult
8. A. prevent
C. develop
9. A. that
10. A. they’re
C. there’re
D. you’re
12. A. smaller
13. A. send
B. produce
D. destroy
15. A. its
16. A. more
C. greater
17. A. stone
B. silicon
18. A. body
19. A. quite
20. A. How
五. 阅读理解：
Thousands of years ago, people lived only in hot places. They did not live in cold places because they could not keep warm. Then they learned how to make clothes. When an animal was killed, they cut off its skin. They wrapped the skins around their bodies. The skins kept them warm. Skins which had fur on them were the best. Even today some people wear the furs of animals to keep themselves warm.
At first men did not know how to make fire. Sometimes lightning hit a forest and started a fire. Then people took some of this fire to make a fire near their homes. A fire was very important for three reasons. It kept them warm. It also frightened wild animals－they did not attack when they saw a fire. Then another thing was discovered: if you cook food, it tastes much better!
But men still did not know how to make fire. When they had a fire, they did not let it stop burning. If it went out, they could not start it again. They had to wait for lightning to start another fire! Sometimes they had to wait for years.
Later, they discovered how to make fire. If you rub two pieces of wood together, they become hot and burn. You have to rub very fast! One way of doing it is to make a little hole in a piece of wood. Pieces of wood or dry leaves are put into the hole. You rub the stick between your hands. This makes it turn very quickly. The end in the hole becomes very hot. The small pieces of wood and dry leaves begin to burn.
Another way of making fire is to knock two pieces of stone together. This makes a spark. You can use this spark to start a fire.
Today we have matches. We can carry them in our pockets and make a fire when we want to. Many people use heaters to keep warm. Oil heaters burn oil. Gas heaters burn gas. Electric heaters use electricity. We also use oil, gas and electricity for cooking.
1. Once people lived only in hot countries because they did not know how to _____.
A. kill animals
B. take fire from forests
C. keep themselves warm
D. make matches
2. Animals skins were used ______.
A. for food
B. to make fire
C. cut off an animal’s skin
D. burn wood
3. Men later discovered how to use fire to ______.
A. cook food
B. kill animals
C. cut off an animal’s skin
D. burn wood
4. People first learned to make fire by rubbing _____ together.
B. two pieces of wood
C. dry leaves
D. matches
5. Today most people in the world use ______ to make a fire.
A. heaters
B. matches
D. lightning
Han Pingrun made sure he was at home every summer evening to watch the Japanese cartoon（卡通）series, Famous Detective Konan（《名侦探柯南》）on TV. “The story is so interesting. I want to know what happens next, ”said the junior school student from Beijing.
Many students like Han love cartoons on TV, in films and in comic books. Cartoons are especially hot this year. Cartoon shows were held in Shanghai and Guangzhou. Hundreds of people visited and many were junior students. Many famous cartoon characters（人物）, like Crayon Shinchan（蜡笔小新）and Robotcat（机器猫）, are popular among teens（青少年）.
Some students watch cartoons for fun. Others think they can learn from cartoon characters.
Huang Yiyi, a Junior 2 student from Guangzhou, loves the red-haired basketball player Sakuragi Hanamichi（樱木花道）from “Slum Dunk”（《灌篮高手》）. “He is very confident and never gives up, ”he said.
Parents and teachers are worried that some cartoons are unfit for children. Another problem is that kids also read them in class.
Yang Xiong, an expert on teenage education in Shanghai said, “Cartoons may be fun, but teens should not spend too much time on them. ”
1. Who likes cartoons best?
A. The old
B. The young
C. The teens
D. The parents
2. Which cartoon is Sakuragi Hanamichi from?
A. Famous Detective Konan
B. Crayon Shinchan
C. Robotcat
D. Slum Dunk
3. Which of the following sentences is true?
A. The teens don’t like cartoons.
B. Teachers and parents like children to watch cartoons every night.
C. Parents and teachers don’t think all the cartoons are helpful to children.
D. Experts think that children should spend much time on cartoons.
4. What do the teenagers watch cartoons for?
A. Because they like all the cartoon characters.
B. Some watch cartoons for fun.
C. Some watch cartoons only for studying.
D. The teenagers watch cartoons for fun or to learn from cartoon characters.
5. Which title is the best for the passage?
A. Cartoons are very interesting
B. Cartoons and TV.
C. The teenagers and Cartoons.
D. People like to watch Cartoons.
【试题答案】
2. heavier
3. shorter, longer
4. lighter
5. smaller
1. 不如…一样…
2. 停止交谈
3. 超过，多于
4. 去参加聚会
5. 在一些方面
6. 看起来一样
7. twin brother
8. make sb. laugh
9. enjoy sports / doing sports
10. be good at
三. ABCCC, BBDCC
四. （A）BDACD, ABCBA
（B）CABCC, ABCAB, CACDC, DABBC
五. （A）CDABB, （B）CDCDC
I'm more outgoing than my sister.练习及分析
　　 Section A
　　 I.　写出下列各词的比较级和最高级
　　 1. funny _____, _______
2. short _______, ________
　　 3. late ______, ________
4. nice ________, ________
　　 5. tall ______, _______
6. heavy ______, ________
　　 7. young ______, ________ 8. big _______, ________
　　 9. thin ______, _________ 10. athletic ________, ________
　　 II. 用所给词的适当形式填空：
　　 1.　He ____(go) to school by dike every morning. But this morning he ____ (go) by bus.
　　 2.　"Do you like _____(drink)tea"　"Yes,　I do."
　　 3.　I'm sorry. I can't. I have to ______ (help) my mom.
　　 4.　There ______(not be )any bread at home yesterday.
　　 5.　Tom ____(have) no time last Sunday. He ___ (visit) his friends next Sunday.
　　 6.　Please tell him ______(wash) his hands before supper.
　　 7.　The bus ______(stop) already. Let's get off.
　　 8.　Doing morning exercises _______(be) good for you.
　　 9. Tom's brother ________(be) good at soccer.
　　 10. Finally he asked people to stop _______ (talk).
　　 III. 词语填空
　　用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文通顺、正确、连贯（每个单词限用一次）。
　　 new, friendly, breakfast, do, so, stay, but, different, you, class, big, meal
　　 Anna comes from Russia. She is 17 years old. She's going 1.________ with the Black family for a year. Anna comes to England because she wants to study English. She helps Mrs Black 2.________ housework in the house and goes to English 3._________ every Wednesday and Friday afternoon.
　　 Anna is now in London. Everything is 4. ________ to her. She finds life is 5._________ from that in Moscow. Some things are nice in London, many things are not so nice. The shops are 6._________ in London than those in Moscow. 7.________ it's very expensive to enjoy 8._________ in London. It's expensive to have a 9.___________ at a restaurant or go to a cinema.
　　 Now Anna has got used to (习惯) many things, but she can't get used to the 10.__________ in England. "You English eat so much in the morning," she often says. "Fruits, porridge, eggs, tea and bread. How can you face(面对) all that food so early in the day"
　　 Section B
　　 I. 选用下列合适的形容词或副词的原级、比较级、最高级完成下列句子。
　　 ( same)
　　 1. Jack has ______ than one sister.
　　 2. Liu Ying talks _____ than Liu Li.
　　　 3. Li Hua is my friend. She's a little ______ than me.
　　 4. Do you look the ______ as Tom
　　 5. Tom often exercises after class. He is _______ than me.
　　　 6. He is not as _______ at sports as his sister.
　　 7. Paul is never_____! He can't stop talking.
　　 8. Mr Wang is a ______ man. He always helps others.
　　 II. 根据情景将下列对话补全：（每格限填一词）
　　 ---Did you watch the football game
　　 1. ______ China and Brazil（巴西）
　　 ---Of 2._______I did. I sat before the TV as 3._____ as I had supper.
　　 ---How did you like the game
　　 ---Well 4.______! But it was really a pity（可惜）that we didn't kick a goal（进球）.
　　 ---Yes, 5._______ made me sad when I thought of the kick on the post.
　　 ---So was I. But we can't complain much. You see, it was the first 6._____ for our Chinese team to take 7. ______ in the 8. ______ Cup.
　　 ---Yes. And we learned a lot from the Brazilian team.
　　 III. 阅读理解。
　　 The earth moves round the sun, and the moon moves round the earth. When our part of the earth turns to the moon, it is night.
　　 The sun is much bigger than the moon. But sometimes the moon looks bigger than the sun, because it's much nearer to the earth.
　　 The sun is very bright. It gives a very strong light. The moon looks quite bright, too. But it doesn't give any light at all.
　　 The moon looks much bigger and brighter than the stars. But actually the stars are much bigger and brighter than the moon. They look smaller than the moon because they're much farther away from us.
　　 1. ____moves round________.
　　 A. T the moon B. T the earth
　　 C. T the stars D. T the earth
　　 2. Sometimes the moon looks bigger than the sun, because_________.
　　 A. it is much bigger than the sun
　　 B. it comes out only at night
　　 C. it is much nearer to the earth than the sun
　　 D. it doesn't give a strong light
　　 3. The sun_______________.
　　 A. is very bright, and it gives a very strong light
　　 B. isn't bright, but it gives a very strong light
　　 C. is very big, but it doesn't give any light at all
　　 D. is very round, but it can't move round
　　 4. The stars______________.
　　 A. look much bigger than the moon
　　 B. look much bigger than the sun
　　 C. are a lot brighter than the moon, but they are not bigger than the moon
　　 D. are much farther away from us than the moon
　　 Self Check
　　 I. 选择填空。
　　 1．_______you free tomorrow afternoon
　　 A. Do B. Am C. Is D. Are
　　 2. Please come ________to my house on Sunday.
　　 A. up B. over C. in D. on
　　 3. Jim's bag is _________than Kate's.
　　 A. biger B. big C. biggest D. bigger
　　 4. The boy is _________of all in our class.
　　 A. taller B. the tallest C. tall D. tallest
　　 5. That book is not so ______ as this one.
　　 A. interesting B. more interesting
　　 C. most interesting D. the most interesting
　　 6. --- Would you like some more rice
　　 ---No, thank you. I'm__________.
　　 A. hungry B. full C. thirsty D. sleepy
　　 7. He has two sisters. One is a doctor and _______is a teacher.
　　 A. another B. other C. the other D. One
　　 8. Would you like _________cup of tea
　　 A. other B. the other C. another D. the one
　　 9. My shoes are cheaper than ________.
　　 A. you B. your C. yours D. your one
　　 10. Thanks for _______________.
　　 A. come to see me B. to come to see me
　　 C. coming to see me D. coming see me
　　 11. Who is the _________ in your class
　　 A. old B. older C. oldest D. young
　　 12. In our library there are many _____books and newspapers.
　　 A. kinds B. kind of C. kind D. kinds of
　　 13. This classroom is __________than that one.
　　 A. many big B. much big
　　 C. many bigger D. much bigger
　　 14. I don't like green apples. I like red__________.
　　 A. this B. that C. one D. ones
　　 15. Do you look _______ Tom
　　 A. the same as B. same as C. the same D. the same so
　　 II. 用适当的介词填空。
　　　　 1．There is a telephone box ________ the side of the road.
　　　　 2．Liu Mei met an old woman _________ her way ________ the cinema.
　　　　 3．______ the end ______ the road you'll find the TV Factory.
　　　　 4．Can you go ________ me
　　　　 5．We usually go to school _________ bike.
　　　　 6．They often go swimming ________ summer.
　　　　 7．Watching TV too much is bad _________ your eyes.
　　　　 8．Thank you _________ having me.
　　 III. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。
　　 1 He ________(wash) the dishes in the kitchen when I saw him yesterday evening.
　　 2. Some old people are happy _________(be)with the young ones.
　　 3. Tom says he _________(not watch)the video film tonight.
　　 4. How _______Bob ______(go)to school every day except weekends
　　 5. "Mun, I saw a new kind of bike. It_____(cost) only two hundred and fifty yuan," "Oh, really"
　　 6. Can she _______(run) as fast as Helen
　　 7. We________(visit) the Great Wall next week.
　　 8. Don't _______(talk) now.
　　 9. Let's________(try) our best _________(finish) the work in an hour.
　　 IV. 完形填空。
　　 Lofton (洛夫顿) is a little village not far from Manchester (曼彻斯特). Like many _1_ villages near towns or cities，it is clean and quiet. Not many families
　　 _2_ there, so the people all know _3_ . Most of them are friendly and helpful.
　　 4 their homes are in Lofton，many people have jobs in Manchester. Some work in the big factories. 5 work in shops or offices. Most of these people go to work by train. It usually takes them about 6 to get from Lofton to Manchester.
　　 In the evening a lot of people like 7 TV. If they want to see a film or to listen to a concert (音乐会) , they 8 go to Manchester. There are no cinemas in Lofton.
　　 Life in Lofton may not be so exciting as life in the _9_ cities, but it can be just as 10 as there. That is why people in Lofton love their little village.
　　 1. A. any B. others C. the other D. other
　　 2. A. lives B. have lived C. live D. lived
　　 3. A. each another B. each other C. other one D. the other
　　 4. A. Though B. But C. So D. Because
　　 5. A. Little B. A little C. Few D.A few
　　 6. A. a half hour B. half hour C. half an hour D. half a hour
　　 7. A. to watching B. watching C. to be watched D. watch
　　 8. A. have to B. had to C. need D. ought
　　 9. A. more larger B. larger C. larger than other D. larger that
　　 10. A. interested B. more interesting C. interesting D. more interested
　　 V. 阅读理解。
　　 Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
　　 This is an old English saying. Have you heard of it before It means that we must go to bed early and get up early in the morning. Then we shall be healthy. We shall also be rich (wealthy) and clever (wise).
　　 This is true. The body must have enough sleep to be healthy. Children of young age should have ten hours' sleep every night. Children who do not have enough sleep cannot do their work very well. They will not be wise and they may not become wealthy!
　　 The body also needs exercise. Walking, running, jumping, swimming and playing games are all exercise. Exercise keeps the body strong. Exercise also helps the blood(血液) to move around inside the body. This is very important. Our blood takes food to all parts of our body. The head also needs blood. Exercise helps us to think better!
　　 1. If we get up early and go to bed early, we'll _________.
　　 A. have enough exercise B. be healthy
　　 C. think better D. have strong blood
　　 2. If a child doesn't have 10 hours' sleep, maybe he _________.
　　 A. becomes wise B. won't do well in his work
　　 C. goes to school in time D. has enough sleep
　　 3. A person needs exercise because _________.
　　 A. it makes him healthy B. he has a lot of homework to do
　　 C. he is strong enough D. he does exercise
　　 4. Exercise makes the _________ move quickly and smoothly(流畅).
　　 A. body B. blood C. children D. head
　　 5. Which of the following is NOT TRUE
　　 A. Exercise does good to a person's head.
　　 B. A student should have 10 hours' sleep.
　　 C. It's good for you to get up early and go to bed early.
　　 D. If you have enough blood, you'll be wise.
　　答案与解析
　　 Section A
　　 I. 1. funniest 2. shorter, 3. later, 4. nicer,
　　 5. taller, tallest 6. heavier, heaviest 7. younger,
　　 8. bigger, 9. thinnest 10. more athletic,
　　 II. 1. went 2. drinking 3. help 4. was not 5. will visit
　　 6. to wash 7. has stopped 8. is 9. is 10. talking
　　讲析：
　　 10. stop doing 表示"停止干某事"；stop to do 表示"停下来做（另一件）事。例如：
　　 He stopped smoking.
　　他停止（不再）吸烟。
　　 He stopped to smoke.
　　他停下（手）来吸烟。
　　 My son has stopped growing.
　　我的儿子不在长高了。
　　 They stopped to have a rest.
　　他们停下来休息。
　　 III. 1. to stay 2. do/to do 3. classes 4. new 5. different 6. bigger 7. But 8. yourself / yourselves 9.meal 10. breakfast
　　讲析：
　　 2. "help sb. do sth." 或 "help sb. to do sth." 的意思是 "帮助某人干某事"。 如:
　　 We often help the teacher clean the blackboard.
　　我们经常帮助老师擦黑板。
　　 I help him learn English.
　　我帮助他学英语。
　　 Help Lucy to find her cat, please.
　　请帮助露茜找猫。
　　 5. different from 意思是"与......不同"。表示与某个东西不同，different 后面常常接 from. 例如：
　　 I think this is different from Chinese names.
　　我想这与中国人的名字是不同的。
　　 This car is different from that one .
　　这辆小汽车与那一辆不同。
　　 Section B
　　 I. 1. more 2. more 3. more outgoing 4. same 5. more athletic 6. good
　　 7. quiet 8. kind
　　讲析：
　　 6. be good at 意思是 "在......方面（学得，做的）好，擅长于......"。 例如：
　　 My brother is good at English and French.
　　我弟弟擅长英语和法语。
　　 You must be good at learning at first.
　　你必须首先擅长学习。
　　 I'm good at drawing.
　　我擅长画画。
　　 II. 1. between 2. course 3. soon 4. done 5. it 6. time 7. part 8. World
　　讲析：
　　 3. 连词as soon as的意思是"一......就......",引导时间状语从句。如果主句动作发生在将来，此从句常用现在时态表示将来的动作。例如：
　　 As soon as she goes into the room, she opens the window.
　　她一进屋就要开窗户。
　　 As soon as she heard the news, she cried.
　　一听到这消息，她就哭了。
　　 I'll ask him about it as soon as he comes.
　　他一来我就问他这件事。
　　 7. take part in意为"参加（活动）"。例如：
　　 My classmate encouraged me to take part in the school sport meeting.
　　我同学鼓励我参加校运会。
　　 Ten students of our class took part in the biology research group.
　　我班十个学生参加了生物研究小组。
　　 It's said his grandfather took part in the May 4th Movement.
　　据说他的爷爷参加过五四运动。
　　 III. 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D
　　 Self Check
　　 I. 1. D 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. C 9. C 10. C
　　 11. C 12. D 13. D 14. D 15. A
　　讲析：
　　 15. look 在这里作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。the same as在此也作表语，是个固定词组。类似动词有：sound (听起来)；become/ get（变得）；turn (变得)； feel（感到）。例如：
　　 You look tired today.
　　你今天看上去很疲劳。
　　 The story sounds interesting.
　　这故事听起来很有趣。
　　 He felt very happy when he heard the news.
　　听到消息时他感到很高兴。
　　 Leaves are turning yellow.
　　树叶在逐渐变黄。
　　 II. 1．at 2．on, to 3．At, of 4．with 5．by 6．in 7．for 8．for
　　 III. 1.was washing； 2.to be； 3.will not watch； 4. go
　　 5.costs； 6.run； 7.will visit； 8.talk； 9. to finish
　　 IV. 1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. C
　　讲析：
　　 1. 这篇文章描写一个宁静的小村庄洛夫顿的人们的生活。
　　 "像许多村庄一样，洛夫顿干净宁静。"在other前不能加冠词the,因为有many修饰villages。注意：other villages = others
　　 2.; 3. "村庄里没有多少人家，所以互相都认识。"表示经常性情况，动词使用一般现在时live；表示"互相"，英语应用each other。
　　 9.; 10. "洛夫顿的人们的生活或许不像大城市那样丰富多彩，但也可能像那儿一样有趣味。"文中larger是large的比较级，larger cities 指比洛夫顿大的城市。在as ... as之间，形容词要使用原级；注意区别interesting（有意思的；有趣的）与interested（对......感兴趣的）。
I'm more outgoing than my sister.练习
　　Ⅰ. 词汇
　　1. I'm tall but my sister is ____________ (short).
　　2. My mother has long hair, and my sister has ____________ (long) hair.
　　3. This little baby is ____________ (outgoing)than that one.
　　4. In some ways we look the same, in some ways we look ____________ (不同).
　　5. Ann is a very ____________ (安静的) girl, she hardly makes noise.
　　Ⅱ. 单项选择
　　1. The twins ____________ lovely girls.
　　A. are all B. are both C. both are
　　2. I like drawing and I am good ____________ it.
　　A. in B. on C. at
　　3. That boxer is